66 
THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. 
[June i, 1881. 
the highest of the Plantations occupying almost the 
crest of the main ridge of the Blue mountains : about 
15 acres : planted entirely with Crown bark (C. 
officinalis), about 11 year ago. Tbis plantaion has 
yielded the greater proportion of the Crown bark, 
-hipped during the last 2 years. 
4. New Haven:- 5,500 feet to 5, 700 feet. A small 
patch of about 6 acres planted with Crown bark, 
(C. officinalis), of nearly the same age and character as 
last. About 2,000 trees have already b 'en taken and 
the remainder are doing well. 
On both the New Haven and the Monkey Hill 
Plantations, the original planting has been completely 
masked by the abundant growth of self sown seedlings 
some of which are now large enough to be cropped. 
These plantations are. in this respect, are the most, 
successful of any, and they will probably yield a suc- 
cession of valuable crops for several years. Root bark 
from these trees has realized 10s. Id. per pound, and 
trunk bark 7s. lid. per pound. 
5 White's Piece :— 4,900 feet to 5,400 feet ; con- 
taining about S acres. All the trees, consisting of 
Red bark and the hybrid variety, between 10 and 11 
years old, were "coppiced" on this piece last year 
and the stumps left to throw up fresh roots. After 
making a start, many of them died off, and it was 
ultimately decided to uproot all, but about 200, which 
are now growing well. After being cleared, this piece 
is in course of being replanted by the hvbrid variety 
at distances of 4 feet by 4 feet. 
6. Belle Vve :— 4,800 feet to 5,500 feet ; containing 
"bout 30 acres, very sparsely planted about 4 to 5 
years ago with G. succirubra. Owing, however, to 
"dying off" and the severe effects of the late hurri- 
cane, the number of trees on this Plantation is now 
reduced to about 2,000. Under these circumstances, 
it is proposed to re-line, and re-plant the whole area, 
at 4 feet by 3 feet, and establish the large leaved 
Crown bark, G. officinalis, var. condaminea. 
7. Upper Buzza : — 4.800 feet to 5,400 feet ; contain- 
ing about 40 acres ; of which 4 acres are planted in 
Jalap. This plantation was opened and planted during 
the years 1879 and 1880 with the Crown bark (C. 
officinalis) at the top ; the Red bark (G. succirubra) 
at the bottom, and some plants of the hybrid variety 
between. All these are placed at distances of 6 feet 
by 6 feet, (giving 1,210 trees to the acre) and appear 
to be well established. 
8. Lower Buzza :— 4,500 feet to 5 000 feet; abou- 
30 acres in extent ; planted with Red bark, (C. tucci, 
rubra) from 6 to 9 years old ; containing about 5,000 
healthy trees. 
Three nurseries were established during the year 
containing about a million plants, but these were so 
damaged by the hurricane that only about a third were 
saved, which have been chiefly used in planting up the 
plantations. The principal kinds of cincho a hitherto 
cultivated in Jamaica were the crown and red barks 
and the hybrid variety. With regard to the plant 
or hard Carthagena. brought by Mr. Cross to Eng- 
land and entrusted to Mr. Morris by Dr. Hooker 
in 1879, we read : 
I am glad to be able to report that the plant, so 
kindly presented to the Government of Jamaica at the 
request of Sir Joseph Hooker, has been the means of 
thoroughly establishing tbis species in the Island. 
Early in 1880, u number of good plants were suc- 
cessfully raised by Mr. Nock, from cuttings, and five 
are already planted out in their permanent places; 
some at 5,000 feet, and others at 5,500 feet, and all are 
apparently doing well. To those probably several others 
will be added during the course of the present year. 
Of other kinds we rend :— 
Yellovi Bark : -As it was found that the true Yellow 
barks were not in the Island, efforts were made to 
procure seeds of the best kinds from India and Java. 
Through th>- kindness of Dr. King, a packet of the 
seeds C. Galisaya vera was obtained from the Sikkim 
Plantations, which has produced about eight thousand 
strong healthy seedlings. As Cali-aya is the source of 
the Yellow bark of commerce and the most valuable 
of all the medicinal forts, this* addition to our collec- 
tions will duly appreciated. 
Ledgeriana Bark : — Towards the close of the year 
the Plantations were enriched by the arrival of three 
plants of the celebrated G calisaya va-. Ledgeriana, a 
variety which has, hitherto, been almost entirely in 
the hand of the Dutch Government at Java. These 
plants were raised at Kew by cuttings fro n a plant 
presented by Mr John Eliot Howard, F.R.S., the 
eminent Qtiinologist, and Sir Joseph Hooker very 
generously placed them at the service of the Govern- 
ment of Jamaica. The plants have already been plant- 
ed out near the 'Director's residence, and are in a 
most satisfactory condition. They measure, (December 
1880) respectively, 12, 16 and 18 inches in height. 
Mr. Howard remarks that " Ledgeriana is the prince 
of all Cinchonas/ 1 Quite recently bark of Ledgeriana 
has been sold in the London market at the high 
price of 14s. 8d. per pound, and bark from Ledgeriana 
trees grown in Java, has been sold in Amsterdam 
at 17s. per pound. These remarkable prices show 
the great importance which should be attached to 
the due selection and propagation of the best kinds of 
Cinchona ; and though the successful cultivation of 
the Red and Crown barks, in view of the very satis- 
factory prices lately obtained, will continue to be re- 
munerative in Jamaica for many years to come, it is 
obviously prudent to introduce the more valuable 
kinds, whenever, they can be obtained, for the purpose 
of giving the enterprise a thoroughly permanent and 
remunerative character. 
Large leaved Grown bark : — Through the kindness of 
a planter in l eylon a quantity of seed has also been 
received as C. officinalis, var. Condaminea, harvested at 
the Government Plantations, Dodabetta, Southern India. 
This is regarded as a robust large-leaved variety of the 
true Crown bark, and it is intended to plant about ten 
acres with it at the Belle-Vue Plantation, in order to 
test its merits in Jamaica. 
Regarding the bark harvested during the year, of 
which the account sales are given in an appendix, 
Mr. Morris says : — 
On reference to appendix A, attached to this report, 
it will noticed that four consignments were made within 
the year, containing in the aggregate 27-299 pounds. 
The gross return on this quantity was £'5.380 ; leaving 
after deducting shipping-charges, insurance, brokei-age 
and expenses in England, a nett return of ,£5,l45-19s. 
The bark, above mentioned, was produced by 8,246 
trees, of all kinds, from 8 to 10, and 12 years old j 
giving an average return of 3J pounds of dry bark, per 
tree, and an average nett value of 12s. 5W. per tree. 
Of the 8,246 trees, 210 were of the hybrid variety, 
which according to returns contained in appendix A, 
yielded an average of 4j pounds of dry bark per tree, 
or a value for each tree of £1 4s. 2d. Of the re- 
mainder, 3,9') 5 trees, were the Crown bark, C. officinalis 
yielding an average of l i pounds of dry bark per tree, 
and a value of 9s. 31,(1. Again, 4,091 were Red bark 
trees, f . succirubra yielding an average of 4| pounds 
of dry bark per tree, with an average value of 16s, Id. 
per tree. Taking the above average values, it would 
appear that, tree by tree, the hybrid variety waB the 
most valuable of all ; but taking into consideration 
the small number of trees barked. 210, and the fact 
that they were exceptionally fine specimens, the com- 
parison of these with the 3,945 trees of the Crown 
bark if all sizes, is not quite a fair test— also with 
the Red bark, the average value of these trees at 16s. Id. 
comparo most favourable with the Crown bark trees 
at 9s. 3jd. Here, again, it must be remembered 
that the Red bark trees cannot be planted, so closely, 
as the Crown Bark and they take several years longer 
