1 38 THE TROPICAL 
plication of your treatment. There is apparently very 
little leaf disease on any portion of this estate." 
6th June 1881. T. C. Huxley. 
Results of my own inspection is very much to the 
same effect. There is however palpable evidence that, 
of what little disease there is generally, there is ap- 
preciably less on the treated than on the untreated 
area. The one acre field look well but the four acre 
field looks, 1 think, remarkably well. — E .C. S. 
OPERATIONS ON A. LARGE SCALE. 
A few observations made of the immediate result 
of the application will perhaps be acceptable. But here 
we are looking now for a broad, general benefit, which 
I think, there can be no further doubt, will ulti- 
mately result, if my instructions are carried out and the 
treatment persevered in. 
Gangapitiya Estate, 150 Acres. 
I. 
About ten days after application: " I examined pome 
of the leaves that had a bad attack on them (before 
treatment) and it appeared, as if the lime and carbolic 
was killing or eating up the fungus, and left the diseased 
patch with the same appearance, as if the leaf disease in- 
sect had been feeding and sucking out the spores. 
But some seem still to have escaped." Extract from 
estate reports to Messrs. Whittall & Co. by. 
30th April 1881. L. B. Von Donop. 
II. 
"I met Mr. Schrottky this morning at Gungapitiya 
and we examined together the results of the treat- 
ment here. He considers them most satisfactory, 
and so far as the experiment has gone, I most 
certainly agree with him. 
"In exposed places such as along roads and ridges 
trees were found very badly effected, but this it 
appears is caused by the powder [or rather its 
vapour. — E. C. S.] being blown away from theie, 
as inside for every twelve leaves affected, only 
on one could a living fungus be found. The rest of 
the leaves bad a black spot, where the fungus had 
been established. On those where the disease had 
only commenced, a dried-up pale yellow mark was 
observable 'but in both cases (which I consider most 
important), the leaves appeared healthy and performing 
their functions." Extract from a letter to Messrs. 
Whittall & Co., by L. B. Von Donop. 
3 let May 1SS1. 
From my observations, I came to the conclusion that 
this estate has passed through a pretty severe (ass 
evidenced by the large number of dead pinspots 
tntonghout the estate) attack of leaf-disease during 
this month, but which had failed to develop itself, 
except, in places where the treatment could reasonably 
be said to be able to exert little or no influence. 
Two applications were given. E. C. S. 
Pallekelly Estate, 100 Acres. . - 
"Undernoted is what I have to say on the 100 
acre* treated with the carbolic lime. The field bad. 
its fii-.-t application on 18th April (2nd on 19th May. ) 
Then leaf-disease was not very noticeable ; only on a 
few patches was it, bad. 
" Looking at it to-day, these patches have decidedly 
imp'oved and comparing the field with untreated 
coff <•, the comparison is most satisfactory as regards 
the effects of the treatment. 
"The leaf disease found on the treated porl ion was 
only a few isolated spores on a tree here and there, 
whereas on the untreated portion the diseased leaves 
are covered with spore patches (16 leaves with isol- 
ated spores were picked from the treated area in six 
minutes, whereas in the same time 76 leaves— badly 
diseased- — were got from the untreated coffee. 
AGRICULTURIST. [July r, 1881. 
"P. S.— The calculation worked out is about one 
and one-third spore-patches on the treaied, to 40 spore- 
patches on the untreated." H. J. Vollar. 
31st May 1881. 
I am, sirs, your most obedient servant, 
EUGENE C. SCHROTTKY, 
Technical and Agricultural Chemist, 
Author of 
" The Principles of Rational Agriculture," 
'Bombay Waters and the Albuminoid »f Ammonia Test," 
" Man, Plant and Soil and their Co-relations," 
" The Chemistry of Indigo Manufacture," 
"The Red Spider," 
and late Editor of the Indian Agriculturist, 
Colombo, 7th June 1881. 
Coffee Mixtures. — In answer to the opinion 
that coffee adulteration is not so common in 
England as is supposed, a well-informed corre- 
spondent writes: — "I suppose some people go by 
analyses of coffee, sold as such, and probably pur- 
chased by parties whose appearance would put the 
vendors on their guard. 1 he evil exists in the great 
manufacturing centres, and in the lower class of shops, 
where the million are served, Tliere the stuff handed 
across the counter in answer to applications for coffee, 
is what needs scrutiny. It is all very well for certain 
gentlemen to say that the buyers have their remedy, 
and know what they buy. But, in fact, the Courts 
of law are no remedy for them. Their remedy is in 
buying tea and letting coffee (so-called) alone. They 
would have coffee, if they could get it in decent 
form ; but they are not born with either coffee mills 
to grind for themselves, nor with education to under- 
stand the bearing of the subject." 
The Prospects of Cinchona Plantations.— Although 
the profit on cinchona plantations is said to be from 70 
to 80 per cent., cinchona growers in Ce\lon and the 
East Indies will need to look closely into the cost 
and possible profit of their plantations, since they may 
soon have to compete, not only with the Government 
plantations, but with enterprise in Bolivia. In 1878, 
a few private individuals tried the experiment in that 
country of cultivating the cinchona tree, and now, 
according to the report of the Dutch Consul, there 
are on the banks of the Mapiri, at La Paz, four or five 
hundred thousand young trees of two years' growth. 
In other places also new plantations are springing up, 
chiefly on the mountain slopes, which are cultivated for 
three-fourths of their height. The cultivation of the 
cinchona in its original home is, of course, easy, the 
chief danger being from drought or ants during the first 
two years, and the only labour necessary is to keep the 
young plants free from weeds during the same time. 
To give shade to the seedling plants bananas are planted 
between them. Alreacty excellent yellow bark from 
Bolivia has been sold in this country, and cultivated 
South American red bark, yielding 3 per cent, of 
sulphate of quinine, has lately appeared in the London 
market. At the drug sales this month large quantities 
of the bark known as "china cupr.ea" bye "again been 
offered, and with it some bark closely resembling it 
in external appearance, but not containing quinine. 
Several other parcels of bark have also been offered 
which do not appear to contain quinine, and protably 
do not belong to the cinchona genus at all. The 
variety of gum which gives a ropy mucilage, in appear- 
ance like white of egg, is still to be met with in com- 
merce. It may interest those who have it in stock to 
know that it may be restored from its allotropic to its 
natural condition by dissolving it, .in hot water, and 
allowing it to stand for twelve hours or so in a warm 
place. In appearance the gum is hardly lo be distin- 
guished from the best "Turkey" sort, but is of a 
greyish, rather than a - yellowish-white tint. — Pharma- 
ceuticalJournal. 
