266 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [September i, 1881. 
excellent prices, one batch of 2,655 pounds having 
been sold for 7s 6d per lb. Other barks brought 5s 
Id, 3s lOd, 3s 9d, 3s 8d, 3s 7d, 2s lOd, and 2s 9d 
per pound, and the average price obtained for the 
12,519 pounds that were sold was 4s 6Jd per pound. 
Steps have been laken, with the sanction of Govern- 
ment, for the clearing out, in a similar manner, of 
a further quantity of the inferior yellow bark now 
stored at the factory, and the results of the sale of 
this second lot will appear in the accounts of the 
present year. There is, however, no intention of 
sending to market any bark which can be used in 
the factory either for the production of febrifuge or 
of quinine. The red bark crop was taken by uproot- 
ing seventy five acres of eleven years old trees, the 
result being an outturn of 1,510 pounds of dry bark 
per acre. This is a poor yield, but the patch was 
not a good one. The remainder of the red bark crop 
was obtained by thinning out trees where they stood 
too closely together. The exact figures will be found 
as an appendix to this report. 
3. Expenditure for the year. — The expenditure for 
the year amounted to R71, 705-10-4, and thus fell short 
of the budget estimate and allotment by El, 783 5-8. 
Of this expenditure there was incurred on the young 
plantation at Sittong the sum of Ell, 424-3-1, and 
that sum is chargeable to the Sittong capital account. 
The whole of the remaiuing expenditure, namely 
E60.281-7-3, was incurred on the old plantation and 
is chargeable as w orking expenses, and against it there 
is to be set the crop for the year. The figures stand 
thus — 
E. A. r. E. a. r. 
Total expenditure for the 
year 71,705 10 4 
Capital expenditure. 
Expenditure on Sittong 
Plantation 9,132 5 0 
Proportion of European, 
Native, and office estab- 
lishment 2,291 14 1 
Working expenses. 
Upkeep and working of 
Eungbee, Eishap and 
Mungpoo 48,187 15 3 
Proportion of European and 
oSr.ce establishment ... 12,093 8 0 
11,424 3 1 
3,281 7 3 
71,705 10 4 
Against the w orking expenditure on the old plantation 
there has to be set a bark crop of 348,560 pounds 
of dry bark, the cost price per pound of which is 
therefore annas 2 pies 9 2053, or equal to something 
less than four pence sterling. The whole of this bark, 
as well as the bark from Sittong (which for conveni- 
ence of account I have valued at the same rate),, 
has been made over to the factory, and the value 
of it (at cost price) ha9 b. en debited to the factory. 
The value of the Sittong bark will be credited to 
the Sittong Plantation, and this practice will continue 
annually to be followed until the Sittong Plantation 
comes into full bearing. The accounts of this Sit- 
tong Plantation ought, when it is completed, to be 
of much interest to cinchona planters, as they will 
show at bow cheap a rate a plantation can be put 
out when the price of experience does not. form, as 
it so often does in new enterprises, a very heavy 
item in the capital expenditure. 
4. Qarthagena bark. — In last year's report I gave 
an account of the introduction, through Mr. Cross 
and the ftoyal Garden of Kew, of a new species of 
cinch ina, namely the species (as yet not botanically 
identified.) which yields the Carthagena or Columbian 
bark so largely imported to London from the north- 
ern part of South America. Pour plants of this were 
brought cut to India by the late Mr. Biermaun in 
January 1880. They arrived in good condition, and 
during the year, they were increased largely by cut- 
tings. Propagation went on most favourably for some 
time ; but later on in the year the young plants were 
severely attacked by the pest only loo well known 
to gardeners as " tbrip." The usual treatment was 
applied with vigour, but in spite of this, when the 
year ended the six original plants had been increased 
only to 60 rooted plants and 90 partially rooted cut- 
tings. Every effort will continue to be made to in- 
crease the stock of this interesting species. 
5. Distribution of Plants and Seed.— The high prices 
got by the Dutch Government for their Ledgeriana 
bark has created a brisk enquiry for the seed of this 
variety, chiefly amougst Ceylon planters Succirubra 
seed has also been in some demand. During the year 
the sum of E3.269-10 realised chiefly for the sale of 
Ledgeriana seed and plants was paid into the Trea- 
sury as Government revenue. This sum will be found 
entered in the general cash account given as an ap- 
pendix to the Quinologist's report. 
6. Land rent.— The sum of El, 430-10 raised from 
settlers within the cinchona reserve was paid into the 
Darjeeling Treasury as land revenue. This does not 
appear amougst the plantation receipts. 
7- Survey of Sittong. — The survey of the outlying 
parts of the reserve which are suitable for cinchona 
planting has now been completed, at:d by the courtesy 
of General Walker, C.B., Surveyor-General of India, 
I have been supplied with copies of the map. The 
map appears to be an excellent one, and it will be 
of great use in working the plantation accurately. 
8. Estimated Crop of 1881-82.— In accordance with 
the principle of working the planJation solely as a 
source of supply of raw material for the factory, the 
bark crop of 1882 must have reference to the demand 
for febrifuge ; and to meet that demand I estimate 
that it will likely be necessary to take a crop of 
from 300,000 to 350,000 pounds, an amount which 
is considerably within the producing power of the 
plantation. 
9. In my report on my visit made during 1879 
to the Cinchona Plantations of the Dutch Government 
in Java, I described a mode of taking the bark 
crop which had recently been proposed by Mr. Moens, 
the Director of those plantations. I his method con- 
sists in shaving off the greater part of the bark of 
a living tree to the height of from eight to ten feet 
from the ground, care being taken to leave every- 
where a sufficiently thick layer of bark to cover the 
wood. This method has now had more than a year's 
trial on the Sikkim plantation, a certaiu number of 
trees per month having been shaved since the begin- 
ning of the year 1880. The results have been favour- 
able. Every month's trees have renewed their bark 
well, those shaved during April having done so (Mr. 
Gammie tells me) rather better than any of the rest. 
The bark of the trees earliest shaved is now about 
as thick as was the original bark, and it is clean, 
healthy, and uniform. There is no doubt, therefore, 
that under this plan bark renews perfectly. What 
now remains to be seen is whether the renewed bark 
is equally rich in medicinal alkaloids with the original. 
In order to test this, I intend to have some analyses 
made of samples of renewed bark, and the results 
of these analyses I hope to give in my next annual 
report. 
10. The Dutch plan of grafting Ledgeriana on Succi- 
rubra stocks has also been tried during the year, but 
I regret to say with little success. The experiment 
will, however, be persevered in. In the matter of 
propagation of Ledgeriana we are now very well off; 
for the bad varieties of Calisaya having been nearly 
all uprooted from the plantation, the seed yielded is 
