358 
THE TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURIST. [October i, 1881. 
with the thinning out of the plantations of C Ledyeriana 
descendants. The trees are, where necessary, stripped of 
their lowest branches and the whole dug out where tbey 
deviate entirely from the Ledge riana type. As the 
time approaches nearer and nearer when these youDg 
Ledgeriaaa plants must contribute to the harvest a 
number of investigations have been begun. Some of 
the results already obtained are given in the state- 
ment B (33-40) appended hereto. The trees giving 
the analyses 33, 39, and 40, were selected by eye 
out of the same garden, and sorted into Lest, middl- 
ing, and bad : they were all derived from the same 
parent tree. The bad have now been entirely up- 
rooted ; from the others the bark will be taken by 
partial stripping. In the same manner 36 and 37 
were selected from one garden, and here also the 
yield of quinine corresponds to the valuation of the 
bark as judged by the exterior of the tree. In both 
cases the bark analyses came from ten trees of each 
sorting, and was obtained by cutting a small strip 
of bark from each tree. To obtain the barks u*ed 
in analyses 33, 34, and 35, strips were cut from a 
row of trees of the same plantation, without previous 
sorting. In 33 and 34 the quinine yield is very satis- 
factory, but in the case of 35 it will be necessary 
to find out the bad tree and uproot it. Proceeding 
in this manner, gradually rooting out the inferior 
trees, the yield of these plantations will be 
larger and better. Analy-es 1-9 are all connected 
■with the renewing of succiru bra bark : the first 6 by 
the cutting in shavings, the following three by partial 
stripping, a cording to Mclvor's method. The new 
formed bark had in both cases undergone an aualogous 
change. No. 10 is the analysis of a succirubra bark 
from ftnngbee (British Sikkim), cut from a well de- 
veloped 13 year tree. The low yield of cinchonidine 
and the large quantity of cinchouins are in corre- 
spondence with the composition of the British India 
quinetum prepared from this variety, in which also 
the cinchonine predominates. G. Pitayensis belongs to 
the tolerably good varieties of cinchona, but stands 
far b'hind C. Ledyeriana. During this quarter 24 
plants of this variety have b°en raised from Eeed 
obtained from British India. Analyses 12 and 13 are 
of the variety which, under the name of G. pubesce?is, 
is greatly on the increase in British India. It 
is apparently a hybrid of G. succirubra with G. 
officinalis, and the yield of quinine does not corre- 
spond with tlie high expectations which were indulged 
in regarding this cinchona. In British Sikkim the 
cultivation of G. officinalis has be ! n discontinued, as 
the climate was not considered favorable for it. The 
trees which still remain in the Government gardens 
moreover do not look healthy, but nevertheless the 
yield of :dkaloid of the bark, cut from some of these 
trees, is exactly the same as that of the much healthier 
plants of this variety cultivated on the Nilgiris. The 
imcrantha bark, from one of the trees raised from 
the first American seed and about 18 years old, had 
the composition which is known and customary for 
V. micrantha. In 1872 seed of Bolivian Calisaya was 
obtained from Mr. Schuhkraft, from which only 13 
plants were obtained. These resemble C Ledyeriana 
very much in exterior, but they have not yet blos- 
somed. Of 3 of these trees an analysis was made, 
which on the whole was disappointing. The large 
quantity of cinchonidine in two of these plants is 
Very remarkable. Analyses 23-29 are of barks of 
original Ledgerianas already analysed and serving as 
seed bearers, which were last year also utilized for 
the obtaining of grafts. As the knowledge of the 
exact quinine yield of these trees is of the highest 
importance, in order that they alone may ultimately 
nerve for the propagation by grafts, a second analysis 
wi' considered necessary. On the whole the amount 
of quinine has increased little since the first analysis : 
in tiie case of one (No. 24), which formerly had but 
little cinchonidine, the quantity of that alkaloid had 
increased to a remarkable degree. 
J. C. Beknelot Mokns, 
Director Govt. Cinchona Enlerprize. 
Bandong, 1st July 1881. 
Statement A shows a total of 2,729,220 trees in 
the Government plantations at the end of June 1881, 
viz., in the nurseries 626.100 (320 100 td?., 230,000 
sue, 76,000 of.), and in the open 2.103,120 (."'56,760 
Ledg., 572,300 Calis. and Hass., 552,700 s-.uc. and 
cdop., 404,900 of., 16,200 lauc. 260 micrA Of ihe 
Ledgeriauas in the nurseries 10,105 are cuttings and 
grafts, and of those iu the open 61,000 are ditto, 
besides about 6,500 original I.edgeri'uias. 
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