January z } 1882.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
593 
COLONEL BEDDOME ON CINCHONA 
PLaNTING IN CEYLON. 
The report furnished by Colonel Bcddome to the 
• Madras Government on the result of his short visit 
to this island will be read with considerable interest. 
He identifies our strong-growing large-leaved " hybrid, " 
hitherto reckoned a cross between Officinalis and 
Succirubra, as the " Pata deGallinazo" a variety of 
red bark. But there are some contradictions in Mr. 
Cross's and Colonel Beddome's Reports to tho Madras 
Government, that must be cleared up before we can 
be quite sure what these gentlemen mean by the new 
species. Mr. Cross more especially gave the name 
"Pata de Gallinazo " to tlie Pubescens, and bespeaks 
of it as a narrow-leaved variety of red bark. Colonel 
Beddome classes the glabrous and pubescens (hairy) 
kind together, and says some of thorn have hitherto 
been spoken of as \lagn\folia. Here is the extract 
bearing on the subject from Col. Beddome's Report 
on the Nilgiri plantations: — 
"Pubescens." — Nq one can visit the Naduvatam 
plantation or the "Hooker" at Pvkara without being 
struck by the splendid growth on grass laud of the 
spi-cics known as " Pubescens " ; whilst "Succirubra" 
is always very stunted and with the leaves very much 
orimpled and unhealthy looking in this soil, this 
species or variety is of sturdy fine growth far out- 
topping the Bed barks and with very healthy darker 
green leaves ; the difference in the growt 1 ', however, 
is not so marked in the shola soil, as the " Succi- 
rubra " grows there equally or nearly equally robust. 
This " Pubescens " has generally been supposed to be 
an accidental hybrid of Nilgiri origin and is often 
known as Mr. Mclvor's hybrid ; it is, however, no 
hybrid* whatever, nor lias it any of the character- 
istics of one, and it has evidently been in the Nilgiri 
plantations since their commencement, though not re- 
cognized as distinct from "Succirubra" in its young 
growth and before flowering. It differs from "Succi- 
rubra" (besides in its more robust growth at a 
Higher elevation and in poorer soil) in its leaves 
being more pointed, more coriaceous, of a much 
darker green, and more shining, and in the primary 
veins being less at right angles with the midrib. Mr. 
Rowson pointed me out what he called two distinct 
varieties ; one he said called "Pubescens" by Mr. 
Mclvor and tho other called " Magnifolia"t On care- 
ful examination, however, the only difference appeared 
!'to be a certain amount of pubescence on the young 
shoots and under surface of the leaves in the former, 
whereas typical specimens of the latter arc quito 
glabrous on the uudor surface of the leaves, and tho 
* Note. — Hybrids between distinct species could 
Bcarcely occur without isolation, or without removing 
tho anthers (of the flowers to be impregnated) at a 
very early stage, as I find the anthers burst before 
tho valvato lobes of tho corolla arc fairly open. I 
find tho flowers of Officinalis (and all tho other species 
as far as 1 have observed) dimorphic ; eomo trees 
have all tho flowers with short included anthers and 
long exserted stylo, others with long anthers nnd 
short included style [this dimorphism occurs also oin- 
inonly in species ot Hrdyotis — A notis and other genera of 
this, tribe (Rnbiacere) indigenous on tho Nilgiria.J Seed? of 
hybrids would be sterile except undor coitain oonditioni. 
r Nothing to do with tho " Chin. Mngnifola" I5z 
ninl P.ivon, which is now placed in a another genua 
fCaacarilla" differing from Cinobona in having a 
papillose instead of a hairy corolla and in the dehis- 
conn' of the capaulei, 
149 
young shoots are very slightly pubescent ; and I 
found that Mr. Rowson could not tell one from the 
other except by very close inspection, and that the 
difference in Pubescens, though sometimes much 
marked, was in other cases not apparent. The pub- 
escent variety has also been called "Lanosa" and 
glowing in shola soil with "Succirubra" might be passed 
by as that species by the uninitiated ; the leaf however 
is never so rounded at the apex and it has a flatter sur- 
face, and never the crimpled look that 'Succirubra" 
always assumes more or less. I found a good many 
of " Magnifolia" and a few "Pubescens" in tho 
Dodabetta plantations, and there are fomc fine old trees 
of " Magnifolia" in tho 1865 plantation which are cert- 
ainly not supplies (which alone would prove that they 
could not be hybrids), but here I found them both 
known to the superintendent (Narrainsawmy) as 
'• Pubescens," the name " Magnifolia" not being known. 
Mr. Rowson informed mc that be considered them 
hybrids, as they had not appeared before tho 1869 
planting (it will be seen elsewhere that Mr. Cross 
I detected them in the oldest planting) ; that they both 
generally came up true from seed, but that he had 
known many sown as these hybrids come up true 
| "succirubra"' which, he however, attributed to care- 
less gathering. He also stated tha f be had largely 
i propagated " Pubescens" and not " Magnifolia" on the 
| supposition that the bark of the former was much more 
I valuable; the bark he also said both of "Pubescens" 
and " Magnifolia" had not been sent to market except 
from a few trees taken carelessly by coolies and mixed 
with other barks, but samples had been collected from 
one or two trees and sent home for analysis, and this 
analysis is given in G. O.. No, 1,336, of 23rd June 1879, 
under " hybrid Pubescens-" and is most favorable, though 
I am not inclined, as I have said elsewhere, to give too 
much reliance on the analysis from single individuals, 
perhaps, grown under very favorable circumstances. 
These specimens were taken from the glabrous ' ' Magni- 
folia" and not from "Pubescens." 
Narrainsawmy, the Dodabctta Superintendent, in- 
formed me that ho did uot consider " Pubescens " 
a hybrid, as there were large trees in the 1865 planta- 
tion which he had always been familiar with since he 
took charge in 186S ; he also stated that if sown 
they sometimes come up true, but they often come 
up "Officinalis" (this must of course be due to care- 
loss gathering). I subsequently got Mr. Cross to make 
I a careful examination ot this species or variety both 
at Naduvatam and on Dodabetta. He informs me 
that "Magnifolia" and " Pubescens" are one and tho 
same species, and scarcely distinguishable, that he ia 
quite familiar with the tree which he found himself iu 
the red bark region on the slopes of Chimborazo, 
but always at a higher elevation than "Succirubra," 
and that the Cascarilleros or bark collectors always 
distinguished it as the " Pata de Gallinazo " (or 
I turkey buzzard's foot), while they called the "Suc- 
cirubra" "teja" (or tilo bark), but that the bar)^ 
was not put up separately by these collectors. ^f a 
also states that he believes this treo has never U3 eu 
figured or described although Weddcll ('lotea, Bur i ca 
Quinquinas) refers to no less tliau four spoc ; lCg as tho 
source of Pata de Gallinazo, whilst Mr, Spruce in 
his report includes tho Pata do Gall ; <nazo M 
collector's lore, evidently regarding i*„ n8 nn alias of 
"Succirubra," though ho could nev cr have soon tho 
trees. Mr. Cross also states tbat|l> c examined tho very 
tree at Naduvatam, that tho v jar k was tiken from 
] for analysis, and that it ia ».y p i C al " Pata do Galli- 
I nazo " (or the glahlOTU ••Magnifolia'' of Mr. 
' Rowson), ami that there. can be no mistaking tho 
! strong growiug varieties of both aorta ou the 
grassland ; Imt that iu r.mio cases true " Succcirubra" 
has been pointed out to him aa " Pubeacena " in 
the Naduvatam plant Al j OIia all J the aamo mistake 
