I EliRUA K V f, 1882. 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
70; 
strengthen practical wisdom and insight— for these will I plantations: 
always make themselves felt — with a backbone of science. ' been predici 
Some such man, I hear the reader say is the gard- I These eoi 
ener to the " mansion in Spain." Tliat is very true ; a chemist 
but it is equally true that again and again castlesonce examination 
in the ah have been found after awhile lirmly rusting plantations 
on solid ground. The scicntilic gardening of the future .*,',, ;1 ') HIVI . '. 
may be a longtime coming, hut come it will, and each young trees 
of us can hasten its advent by careful obervations, great" beaut 
intelligent trials, and conscientious reflection. the elder c 
DlHTliS. freneral nun 
HYBRIDISM AMONG 
A correspondent writes: — "In 
OD the Hybridization of (Jincho 
ou same have not boon quoted 
by you, I send you a vol. c 
which you will find it, pp. f 
that Broughton refers to the 
mibescens referred to 
iinx.i:. 
■oughton't 
1 Ho war, 
article 
s note 
it might have 
ould appear, 
occur to me as 
ike a chemical 
jcurring on the 
which brought 
Among some! 
- purple tints 
the leaves of 
k resembled 
[ntroduc 
Hybridism 
and S 
Mr. / 
\l; 
At the particular request of Mr. 
to read the accompanying paper. T 
that I should adduce any argumen 
to me against any point that he I 
his desire, I conclude, arose from 
urged the study of the different 
India, in order to the selection of I 
for the production of Q ine, 0 
he attende I to by those who would c 
have also expressed niv belief in the • 
the form.-, even of the sub-species 01 
I have nothing to urge, howevei 
expressed by Air. Broughton as I 
hybrids, but on the contrary, livit 
have occurred iii my own limited f 
; which seem to me to confirm thei 
doubtful about the occurrence of h 
places of growth of the Cinchona 
there can he in general the same 
for the interference of the pollei 
that occur in their cultivated stak 
loro, so muoh expectation of light 
botanical arrangement of the gem 
my correspondent. 
Note on Hybridism among Cinchona*. By •/. liiiuiiili- 
m, />'. sv., /■'. C. fi., Chemist to the Cinchona Plantations 
of the Madras Government. 
The Cinchona' have long been known as plants whose 
flowers show in each individual that singular difference 
I lb. respective prominence of the stamens and pistil 
which has since received the name of (liiimrpliisiii. The 
special bums have been named by the Spaniards re- 
spcctiw lv macho and hembra, according as the male or 
female organs arc prominent in the blossoms of nnv single 
tree. The researches of Mr. Darwin have shown the 
Consequences of this peculiarity as it affects the fertil- 
ization of the seed in the parallel cases of Primula, 
Qtatia, Ac.' 
On the Cinchona plantations of the Madras Govern- 
Hunt are now growing, blossoming, and fruiting nearly 
nil the valuable febrifuge-yielding species. Individuals 
of the various specie- are, In u*r, numerous instances, 
Bated in close proximity. The seel- ore produce! in 
great abundance, and have been used for the purpose 
of obtaining seedling plants tor the extension of the 
* After numerous trials I have not succeeded in do- 
■pillS suv dear difference between the amounts ,,| al- 
kaloid contained in the bark of the macho and hembra 
Irotnihlmi* paper on 
il. Howard, F. L. S. 
iroughton 1 engaged 
he author also wished 
had'bee"! picked 'up 0 
natural seedling, its 
of C. succirubra whi 
This circumstance 
ts that might occur 
plantations in order 
111s mentioned. This 
my having frequently 
1 found among the 
with among the par 
funds cultivated in 
resemblances to "the 
unnecessary point to 
and succirubra, havi 
latter with the ovat 
which, though thei 
than in the former instance-, c 
without assuming that they ar 
Among the hundreds of thousa 
alia growing on the Neilgherries 
ous differences are to he found. 
twenty new varieties might b 
in certain specimen-, as distinct 
rmer. Some 01 the leaves also 
Che bark of one individual yielded 
I consisting of Cinchonidine and 
of another gave me 2-8 per cent 
1-3 of quinine and the remainder 
chonine. In the latter case the 
sulphate with the ease which 
1 obtained from C. Officinalis. I 
1 chemical character of the hark 
ration of the hybrid character of 
ippearing among seedling trees, 
less clei 
rly made out 
scarcely be explained 
natural hybrids. 
Is of trees of C. Officio- 
,ery various and uumcr- 
f each of the character- 
ed by name, more than 
identity as that at trio. 
Uritushiga, Ac, which 
These numerous varie- 
in-eiisible gradations ; 
ated to the vara. Bonplandia 
are now recognized by botanists, 
ties merge into one another by 
and as it would be impossible to keep seedling plants 
of each separated, they are all mixed in the plantations. 
I submit that this natural confusion of varieties and 
sub-varieties is a consequence of the interbreeding of the 
various kinds. As many of the kin Is were introduced 
by seel into India, it appears tome to be highly prob- 
able that certain of these are not the pun* descendant - 
of plants possessing in all respects the recognized botanical 
characters of the respective kinds. As a matter of pract- 
ical exrerienc< , I find that the yield of alkaloids i« 
tolerably constant in very various varieties of the same 
species, oven when the difference in habit, foliage, Ac. 
is marked. 
The variations are also clearly apparent in the speeie- 
stteetrubra and culiMua? 
The object of this note is to .all the attention >•< 
competent botanists to these fuels a- being well worthy 
< f consideration in earning out any future clas.-iiuatiou 
