8o6 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [March i, 1882. 
private planters on the same range with a government 
estate, lest the produce of the latter should be 
appropriated !*) had risen to 325,000 bags against 
1,051.000. Private growers are, evidently, at length, 
making head way in the Dutch colony. But while 
Java in the 11 years has not appreciably increased 
her production, if we take the averages of the first 
six years and the concluding five, and while Ceylon 
has gone down from 46,000 tons in 1871 to only 
22,700 in 1881, the progress of Santos has been 
steadily onwards. When Java gave her great crop 
of 96,000 tons in 1876, Santos gave only half the 
quantity; but in 1881 Santos had risen to 71,000 tons 
against Java's 82,500; while in 1882 the port of the 
district of Sao Paulo is likely to export 2,000,000 
cwt. (bags of 17 to the ton rather !), or probably 
equal to the aggregate exports of Java and Ceylon. 
We expect only 600,000 cwt., and, judging by the 
past, Java is not likely to greatly exceed 1,400,000. 
If the English and Dutch colonies thus compare 
with one port in Brazil, what is the contrast with 
the whole empire? Its exports are equal to half the 
whole produce of the world, besides the 60,000 tons 
retained for home consumption. Iu every sense Java 
and Ceylon, but expecially Ceylon, have beeu exposed 
to unfair competition. Java, no doubt, grows coffee 
by compulsory labor, but there is a wide difference 
between feudal serfdom, qualified by benevolent laws, 
and the inhuman slavery which has enabled Brazil, 
temporarily, to win by so many lengths in the race. To 
continue our extracts from Patry & Pasteur's review : — 
Stocks in the European ports on 1st January are 36,000 
tons in excess of what they were a year ago, and in the 
United States 2,000 tons less. 
The new Ceylon crop is expected to exceed the previous 
very short one, and estimates point to a total of 33 to 35,000 
tons. British India will probably send rather more than the 
previous season. Oosta Rica and Central America have 
generally good crops. The Java crop of 1881, which will 
form the bulk of the supply for 1882, is a good crop; but 
the growing one, which has been suffering from drought, 
will probably be smaller. The all important crops, however, 
are Rio and Santos, and from those countries, full supplies 
must again be looked for. It is estimated that the ship- 
ments from Bio, from 1st January to 30th Jnne next, may 
amount to 110,000 tons, and from Santos to 35,000 tons. 
The growing crops, so far, promise well from both countries, 
especially from Santos. 
With the heavy stocks now held in Europe, it appears, 
therefore, that we 6hall have abundant supplies of coffee 
during 1882, and it would seem as if the lowest point had 
not been reached yet. 
In the period under review the fall in prioes has 
been in sympathy with the enormous production of 
Brazil. Ceylon plantation has gone down from 125s 
in 1873 to 75s at end of 1881, and our readers are 
aware of the further fall to 67s; since partially re- 
covered. Native Ceylon has fallen from 110s to 50s 
(now 44s !); Java has fallen from 66 cents in 1873 to 
33i at end of 1881; Eio afloat from 83s in 1869 to 
42s at end of 1881, and Santos from 84s a float in 
1874 to 44s. 
We must take comfort in the certainty of enlarge 
consumption and in the proverb that when things 
are at their worst they are sure to mend. 
* A curious reversal of the position of the planter in 
Ceylon, ut which, when in Java, we could not help feeling 
amused. 
PRODUCTION OF CINCHONA BARK. 
The following paragraphs occur in James Cook & Co.'s 
cinchona bark report, dated 8th December : — 
According to the returns just published, there were 
under cultivation near Darjteling in 1879 on Govern- 
ment account 2,174 acres cinchona, containing about 
five million plants, also in the Nilgiris about 1,100,000 
plants, and in Burma nearly 100,000 more. On private 
account there were about 1,800 acres planned in the 
Darjeeling district, as well as a considerable extent 
of land in the Nilgiris, of which the produce is sent 
to England for sale. That of the Darjeeling Govern- 
ment estates is all used for consumption in India, 
but in spite of this the importation of quinine was for 
the years ending 31st March : — 
1875-76 1876-77 1877-78 1878-79 1879-80 
Lbs 3,925 4,648 5,025 5,940 7,409 
The export of bark was : — 
Lbs 26,992 72,452 286,944 227,179 459,286 
In Ceylon, cultivation is extending, but on some 
estates the progress made is not so satisfactory as 
could be wished, the plants dying out. In Java the 
crop for 1880 is said to have been fully 100,000 lb. 
Board of Trade returns of bark, 1st January to 30th 
November :— 1879. 1880. 1881. 
Imports (Peruvian) Tons 2,680 3,598 5,782 
Exports do. ,, 1,877 2,246 2 - ,881 
French official returns of quinquina bark, to the 31st 
October:— 1879. ' 1880. 1881. 
Imports Tons 1,407 1,825 3,222 
Consumption ... „ 1,013 1,006 1,683 
Exports 643 1,080 2,047 
COFFEE LEAF-DISEASE :— MR. SCHROTTKY'S 
EXPERIMENTS. 
We are told that a good many proprietors are 
now preparing to give a trial to Mr. Schrottky's mix- 
ture. When Gangapitiya estate was last visited by 
Mr. Schrottky, accompanied by several gentlemen, 
interested in the experiments, the opinion was ex- 
pressed that the immunity from leaf-disease, which 
that estate had enjoyed during June-December, migh:} 
probably to some extent be due to an exceptionally 
dry South-west monsoon, while adjoining estates, 
that had greatly suffered during the larger part of 
that time from the disease, might have had- 
more rain. It was staied at the time that 
with regard to immediately adjoining estates, 
there had been no difference of rainfall. It was 
however, so easy to attribute the successful -results 
of the treatment to some such natural cause, that, 
without careful enquiry, this mere probabiliiy of 
difference in rainfall has, we hear, been spoken of 
as an ascertained fact, and Dr. Shipton, for instance, 
writes of it as being a great qualification of the 
results obtained. The following details supplied by 
Mr. Schrottky seem to dispose of the argument in 
that direction : — 
"Summary or Daily Weather Reports: Gangapitiya 
Estate, against Ambacotta and Gangawatte Estates. 
June 1881. 
9 days drizzle and showery. 
1 „ rain. 
9 
days showery 
1 
„ rain 
20 
„ fine 
4 
days showery 
27 
„ fine 
10 
days showery 
21 
„ fine 
6 
days showery 
24 
„ fine 
July. 
August. 
5 days drizzle. 
26 „ fine. 
6 days leaf drizzle. 
5 „ showery. 
20 „ fine. 
September. 
5 days drizzle and showery, 
25 „ fine. 
