ApRiL I, 1882.] 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
885 
archies and human pretensions to authority, while 
he is a decided Christian and a liberal supporter of 
Ohri.-tian work, was intensely amused at Ma being 
compared to the Pope. Though not a sadder, we 
are a wiser and we trust a more modest man than 
when we ventured, oven in opposition to such an 
authority as Howard, to refer all variations of type 
in cinchonas (of the crown bark species) to their in- 
veterate tendency to sport. In this case, however, 
it is Mr. Howard and not Ed. C. 0. who doubts 
hybridity. The bent of his mind is, apparently, 
quite in the opposite direction to that in which Dr. 
Trimcn leans. Hut, with the modesty of true science, 
each waits for " more light." The light from Badulla, 
which Mr. Howard asks for, will, we feel sure, be 
readily supplied. This is what Mr. Howard writes:— 
" I want your help in reference to a letter from 
your correspondent ' B. G. , Badulla, 30th November 
1881.' Can you obtain from this gentleman speci- 
mens of the leaves, flowers, and fruit of his 0. 
coccinea trees ? I should be very much obliged for 
these and in return would tell him something as to 
their value. 
" Pray do not lot him say that Dr. Spruce and 
I have 'determined' anything about the Pata de 
Gallinazo. ' B. G.' has, perhaps, in his hands in- 
formation that would help towards this point. 
" If the Pata de Gallinazo grows in the red bark dis- 
trict, (which seems now certain), it cannot be a hybrid, 
sinco the C. officinalis does not grow anywhere NEAit 
that part of S. America. 
"It may be and probably is ' an intermediate form 
between G. Succirubra and C. officinalis' unnamed as 
yet. Suoh, at all events, ia the present state of my 
opinion, about this very important sort. 
"Yon will see, in the account which I gave of 
this pubescent sort to the Brit. Pharm. Conference, I 
attaciicd a query (?) to tho supposed identification by 
Spruce of this sort with the C. coccinea, Puvon. See 
the Year Book 1S81 p. £01. 
"You can tell your readers, who are kind enough 
to interest thomselvos in my 'fallibility,' that the 
above (?) has become (??). 
"When I am quite sure what the (C. pubescens 
Howard?) really is I hope to let you know." 
RESULTS of ANALYSES OK JAM AICA-C UOWN 
BARKS BY JOHN ELIOT HOWARD, Esq , 
P. R. S. 
(From the Jamaica Gazette, 27th Oct. 1881.) 
Colonial Secretary's Office, 20th Oct. 1881. 
The Governor directs the publication, for general 
information, of the following letter from the Director 
of Public Gardens and Plantations forwarding a memor- 
andum embodying information supplied by Mr. John 
Eliot Howard, P. R. S., in regard to certain speci- 
mens of leaves, flowers and fruit of cinchona plants, 
and samples of cinchona bark from tho Government 
plantations. — By command, Edward Newton, 
Colonial Secretary. 
Botanical IVpt. ,( lordon Tow n, Jamaica, Oct. loth ISSl. 
No. 2030. 
Sir,— 1 havo tho honor to report that with the view 
of accurately determining the botanical '1 issiiic ition, 
as well as tho value of the baik yielded by the dillerent 
kinds of cinchona trees under cultivation in Jamaica, 
I made a complete collection containing eight sets of 
specimens of leaves, (lowers, fruit, as well SB One pound 
by Weight of cinchona bark, from every distinct form 
or variety which had hitherto come under my uotiee. 
2. This collection was forwarded in June last to John 
Eliot Howard, Esquire, F. R. S., Tottenham, near 
London, who is believed to bo the highest, authority on 
cinchona and cinchona barks in the world. 1 asked 
Mr. Howard to be so good as to compare tho botanical 
characters of the specimens sent from Jamaica with 
those in hie large collections from S. America, Indiaand 
Ceylon ; and as he had kindly offered to help me in 
every possible manner, I ventured to ask him to obtain 
for ine a quantitative analysis, with the probable market 
value of the various samples of bark which accompanied 
them. 
3. I have now the pleasure to forward, herewith, a 
summary of the information which Mr. Howard has 
been good enough to send me, and I doubt not. that this 
authoritative and exhaustive report will prove of the 
greatest service to those interested in the cultivation 
of cinchona in this island. 
4. It will be noted, in the first place, that, although 
the late Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens (Mr. 
Thompson) adopted a "hybrid" variety for the true 
yellow bark. Cinchona Calisaya, and had continued to 
treat and write of it in his reports as such, there were 
a number of true Calisaya trees already on the plant- 
ations, which were included among the Crown bark trees 
C. Officinalis. 
5. After a careful inspection of the plantations on 
my arrival here, I came to the conclusion that these 
trees were not G. officinalis, and 1 took steps to 
keep the seeds separate, and to propagate them for 
supplying steep and windy slopes, for which they ap- 
pear to be admirably adapted. In references under 
No. 2 in tho accompanying report, it will bo noticed 
that I asked Mr. Howard whether these trees were 
Calisaya vera, var. Josephiana ? or certain forms of 
" C. officinalis "? His analysis and report shew that 
they are true Calisaya, and that the burk even 
at 5 to 6 years old is worth about eight shillings 
per pound. Mr. Howard, therefore, naturally ex- 
presses an opinon that the Calisaya trees " form a 
valuable portion of the Plantations." 
G. With regard to Mr. Howard's remarks on the 
" hybrid " variety, No, 4, I may mention that although 
in single specimens of leaves, flowers, etc., it is almost 
impossible to decide its hybridity,yet on the Plantations 
where all gradations may be distinguished among these 
trees, from almost the pure Succirubra type to the pure 
Officinalis type, there can be no doubt of their origin - 
Again, when seed of this kind was sent to Kew, the 
seedlings aud plants were pronounced of a decidedly 
"hybrid" character ; and, lastly, although following 
Mr. Thompson's classification, 1 sent the bark at first 
to the Loudon Market as "Calisaya (?) " the brokers 
in their report drew my attention r.o it, aud remarked 
"it is not pure yellow bark, but supposed to bo a 
hybrid with Succirubra." 
7. It is, nevertheless, gratifying to find that this 
"hybrid" is of so valuable a character, and, as it is 
a Iree grower at low elevations steps are being taken 
to propagate it for general distribution. xVecording 
to tho analysis of the specimen bark sent to Mr. How- 
aril, its market value would not fall far short of fourteen 
shillings per pound- 
8. The other analyses and remarks do not call for spe- 
cial mention. It will bo noticed, however, that, in 
nearly every case, tho character of the bark and 
tho special kinds under cultivation here comparo 
favourably in Mr. Howard's opinion, uot only with 
those from India and Ceylon but also with all tho 
best forms from South America. This is generally 
confirmatory of tho results of our late sales. 
9. When I shall have obtained a careful analysis 
of a sample of cinchona bark grown in Manchester 
by Mr. Swaby, at an elevation of 2,400 feet, wo 
shall have then an authoritative opinion as to tho 
comparative value of most of tho ditlerent kinds of 
