886 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [April i, 1882. 
cinchona bark at all elevations at which the trees 
are likely to be cultivated in Jamaica. 
10. It may be added that it is to Mr. Howard we are 
indebted for three very fiue growing plants of Cinchona 
Calisaya, liar. Ledgeriana, which were sent out from Kew 
last year ; and I am glad to report that Mr. Howard has 
still further contributed to the success of our plant- 
ations by presenting us with several other valuable 
cinchona plants, which are expected from Kew by the 
next mail, under the care of Messrs. Harris and El- 
liott. — I have the honor to be, Bir, your obedient 
servant, D. Morris, 
Director of Public Gardens and Plantations. 
The Honorable The Colonial Secretary, Kingston. 
References to Specimens of leaves, Fruit, Flowers, 
as well as Specimens of Cinchona Bark forwarded 
from the Government Plantations, Jamaica, to John 
Eliot Howard, F. R. S., Tottenham, near London : — 
Cinchona Calisaya. 
No. 1. Small trees, about 9 to 10 feet high, 5 to 6 
years old, growing at Belle Vue Plantation, 5,400 feet, 
hitherto classed with C. Officinalis, but leaves narrower, 
slightly tinted underneath; scrobicules abundant: flower 
buds swollen at the apex ; flowers whitish ; capsules 
short ovoid. 
Analysis of Trunk Baric. 
* Quinine. Quinine. 
Sulp. Alk. Cinchonidine. Cinchonine. Quinidine. 
2.73 2.04 0.70 .55 .07 
No. 2. Small trees, very similar to above, habit more 
robust, leaves broader. Are these trees (Nos. 1 & 2) 
Calisaya vera, var. Josephiana, or merely forms of 
C. Officinalis"! Their compact hardy habit and their 
early maturation render them very suitable for our 
steeper slopes, and it is very desirable to learn their 
value as compared with C. Officinalis. 
An analysis of the bark desired. 
Analysis of Trunk Bark. 
Quinine. Quinine. Cinchonidine. Cinchonine. Quinidine 
Sulp. Alk. 
4.93 3.70 0.60 .35 .05 
In addition to supplying the above analysis Mr. How- 
ard reports as follows: — "No. 1 and No. 2 appear to 
me to be true to the Calisaya type, and form a 
valuable portion of the plantation. I should not think 
that they belong to either of the Josephiana or to the 
Ledgeriana form, but that the exact variety is, perhaps, 
not j et published. In the meantime, it might be well 
to call them O. Calisaya simply. 
"There is no appearance of hybridily, nor any re- 
semblance to the Loxa (C. Officinalis) barks." 
Cinchona Officinalis. 
No. 4. Specimens of the typical Cinchona Officinalis of 
the Jamaica plantation?. Average price per pound of all 
quantities, viz:— root stem and branch bark obtained 
during the past year = 6s 7d ; highest price realized 
10s Id per pound for root bark : lowest 2s 3d per 
pound for twig bark. The tree from which the speci- 
men of bark was taken was about 9 years old and 
growing at an elevation of 5,500 feet. 
Analysis of Trunk Bark. 
Quinine Quinine 
Sulphate. Alkaloid. Cinchonidine. Cinchonine. Quinidine. 
6.95 5.18 0.22 0.01 0.15 
Mr. Howard adds : — "This (No. 3) does not require 
* The value of cinchona bark for quinine manufacturers' 
purposes may be estimated by taking the unit of per- 
centage of sulphate of quinine at Is 9d; hence, if a bark 
yielded 5 per cent sulphate of quinine its approximate 
market value would be about 8s 9d per pound. D. M. 
many observations, as the price per pound agrees 
with the appearance of the bark, and wiih the ana- 
lysis, in shewing that it is good C. Officinalis quality, 
perhaps of slightly varjing forms." 
cinchona hybrid. 
No. 4. Specimens of what is supposed to be a 
hybrid form between C. Succiruljra and C. Officinalis. 
Up to 1879 it was considered to be C. Calisaya. 
Average price per pound on all qualities, viz , root, 
ei em and branch bark, obtained during the past year 
6s. l|d. : highest price realized 7s. 9d. per pound 
for trunk bark ; lowest 4s. 6d. per pound, also for 
Irunk bark. The specimen of bark taken from trees 
8 — 10 years old, growing at an elevation of 5,300 feet. 
Analysis of Trunk Bark. 
Quinine Quinine 
Sulphate. Alkaloid. Cinchonidine. Cinchonine. Quinidine. 
8-00 600 073 010 003 
Mr. Howard adds :— " What proof is there that this 
is a hybrid? What connection with the Calisaya ? It 
is an excellent bark, resembles true C. Officinalis var. 
uritusinga." In another communication, Mr. Howard 
remarks: — "It is very evident that the so called 
'hybrid,' No. 4, if only it is a free grower, must be about 
the most valuable of all the sorts. The price obtained 
in commerce does not seem proportional to its value, 
but possibly, as remarked before, it may be an excepti- 
onally fine specimen. So far as I can judge by the 
botanical specimens it is a true form of C. officinalis.^ 
cinchona succirubra] 
No 5. — Specimens of common type of C. succirubra 
of Jamaica plantations. Average price per pound on 
all qualities, viz. :— root, stem, and branch bark, ob- 
tained during the past year = 4s nearly : highest 5s 
7d for root bark ; lowest Is 3d per pound for twig 
bark. Specimens of bark sent from trees 9 years old, 
growing at an elevation of 5,000 ft. Mr. Howard re- 
ports on this bark as follows: — "Very good and true 
C. succirubra, agreeing well with my specimens from 
South America. It is the sub-pubescent form." 
CINCHONA OFFICINALIS— ^WHITFIELD HALL. 
No. 6. Specimens of trunk bark only from C. Offic- 
inalis trees 13 years old, the remains of a nursery 
planted at Whitfield Hall in 1867. probably some of the 
tirst C. Officinalis trees established in the Island. The 
trees were 13 years old when barked ; they bad been 
totally uncared for, and surrounded by dense forest for 
the last nine years (see Report on Public Gardens and 
Plantations, 1879-80, p. 7). The analysis desired in 
order to test whether the bark had improved with age 
as compared with No. 3 (see above), or whether the want 
of cultivation and lower elevation had exerted any in- 
fluence upon it. 
Analysis of Trunk Bark. 
Quinine. Quinine. 
Sulphate. Alkaloid. Cinchonidine. Cinchonine. Quinidine. 
5.00 3.75 0.40 .12 .16 
Mr. Howardadds :— " Very good C. Officinalis, not of the 
uritusinga form, but of another which is also represented 
in my specimens from Mr. Molvor (Southern India 
plantations) and abundantly in specimens of bark from 
S. America, even in old specimens of mine from the 
College of Physicians. This is the Colorado de Loxa of 
the Spanish commerce. 
" The botanical specimens pent with barks No. 4 and 
No, 6 agree exactly with both of those sorts from Mr. 
Mclvor in my collection. 
" The evident improvement by age corresponds with 
a like improvement in specimens of the uritusinga 
form recently sent home by Mr. R.^C. Cross from Ootaca- 
mund." 
f See remarks in Par. 6 of attacliel letters. — d. m. 
