COLE : ON THE RED CHALK. 
35 
tion, because on examining again more minutely the red 
chalk developed at Warter (distant three miles from Nun- 
burnholme Station) I found an upper bed of grey chalk, very 
friable, with the same terebratulse and chocolate markings as 
occur in the Wharram valley, of unascertained thickness, 
followed by a bed of red chalk, almost clay, 6 or 7 ft. thick, 
containing spines of Echini ; then a bed of grey chalk, con- 
taining a remarkably hard seam ; then more red chalk, very 
friable ; and so on for 25 ft. at least, and at the base a bed or 
vein of red chalk, quite unique. At least, I have never seen 
the like, either for richness of colour, for extreme hardness 
and weight, or for the importance of the contents.* The 
fossils are thickly scattered, and are all belemnites. I for- 
warded some specimens to Professor Rupert Jones, F.Gr.S., 
and he reports, as regards the minerals, after a hurried 
examination, that the specimens contain — 1, Smooth, sub- 
angular, and rounded bits of ironstone ; and 2, Crystallised 
nests of calcite. I am of opinion that a closer examination 
of all the specimens (only a few small ones were forwarded to 
Professor Rupert Jones) will disclose fragments of other 
minerals ; and if so, will form an interesting comparison with 
the observations of Mr. Murray on volcanic products in the 
red clay of the Atlantic, mentioned below. 
The beds above noticed crop out in a cutting on the road 
side, at the bottom of the hill leading from Warter to 
Huggate. The rich, red bed (elevation 200 ft.) is close to 
the blacksmith's shop, before turning the corner to ascend 
the hill, and is on the floor of the road itself. Close by are 
some beautiful springs issuing from the base of a sort of 
inland cliff. The road hence to Warter Priory repeatedly 
cuts through beds of red chalk which are clearly exposed ; 
* The same bed, however, occurs at Millington Springs, distant two and a half 
miles north, containing innumerable belemnites, iron ore, and large terebratulac, 
but it is not quite so red. 
