62 
DAKYXS : SHAP GRANITE BOULDERS. 
the granitic area. I have not seen any west of the river 
Kent. The most westerly I have seen are at Hincaster. 
A line drawn from Sleddale Pike, the most westerly outcrop 
of the granite in place, to these boulders at Hincaster, bears 
south by west. The most easterly I have seen is on the 
side of Greyrigg Fell, north of Greyrigg Tarn. When the 
localities, where the granite boulders occur, are marked on a 
map, the steady lineal north and south direction of their 
course is very striking. Now, had the boulders floated over 
the Silurian Fells, the land must have been submerged at 
least 1,400 or 1,500 feet, and this would have produced a 
tolerably wide extent of water south of those fells ; so that 
one does not see any reason why, under those circumstances, 
the boulders should not have been distributed far and 
wide, instead of being confined to a narrow band of country 
trending north and south. Moreover, the greater part of the 
granitic area itself must then have been submerged ; and it is 
difficult to see how floating ice could pick up boulders from 
the bottom of the sea. An ice foot could gather boulders ; 
but with such a submergence as one of 1,400 or 1,500 feet, 
there would have been but little granite left above water 
for an ice foot to cling to. Again, in this case, one would 
certainly expect that some boulders, in fact a good many, 
would have gone down Lonsdale. One must also bear 
in mind the fact, that Shap granite boulders crossed 
Stainmoor at an elevation of over 1,500 feet, as shown 
in Mr. Goodchild's map. We cannot separate the two 
phenomena ; they bear closely upon each other. And 
again, in the Stainmoor case, there are very great difficulties 
in reconciling the phenomena with the hypothesis of 
floating ice, of precisely the same character as those 
mentioned above with reference to the southerly dispersal ; 
so that, after all, one is driven to the ice sheet marching 
south under enormous pressure from behind. 
