64 
DAEYNS : SHAP GRANITE BOULDERS. 
It has been well remarked by Mr. J ames Geikie, in his 
" Great Ice Age," that the Glacial Period was not one simple 
period of uniform conditions, but a vast protracted period 
of varying conditions. Accordingly, we find in one and the 
same locality evidences of different directions of ice flow. 
Thus, the Shap granite flow was from north to south; but 
erratics of volcanic rock from the Lake mountains are found 
in the neighbourhood of Kendal, east of the line of granite 
boulders. This indicates a flow from the north-west across 
the granite flow, and was probably of earlier date ; for, 
otherwise, the lineal north and south dispersion of granite 
boulders would probably have been swept into confusion. 
Again, Farleton Fell, the conspicuous hill of bare limestone 
on the east of the railway between Oxenholme and 
Carnforth, is thickly strewn with large boulders of Carboni- 
ferous limestone, and small ones of Upper Silurian rocks, 
but is entirely free from either boulders of granite or of 
volcanic rocks. This makes me think that the boulders on 
Farleton Fell probably came from the north -north-west, 
in which direction there is a long tract of limestone ; and 
the Silurian rocks are ten miles distant, while the nearest 
volcanic rocks are no less than sixteen miles off. It seems 
probable, too, that this dispersion took place before the 
limestone area was smothered in Drift, antl therefore before 
the dispersion of the granite boulders which occur in the 
Drift. But this is a mere surmise. There are no scratches 
left to show in what direction the ice moved. 
There is very little Clay Drift near Kendal, at least 
exposed in section. The Drift is all very gravelly ; but near 
Grasmere there is an interesting section in Till. In a pit 
opened to get stones for road metal, by the side of the 
Keswick road, there are two beds of stony clay. The upper 
is of a greyish colour, such as any heap of stones from the 
surrounding rocks might be of ; the lower is of a red colour, 
