78 CASH & HICK: FLORA OF THE LOWER COAL MEASURES. 
that have been found up to the present time. The fossils 
may be roughly grouped as follows : — 
With bark, preserved, 
rare, .... Sugden Pit, . Bradshaw. 
The Calamitean stems are usually decorticated. Professor 
Williamson mantains that the imaginary restoration of 
Calamites with straight stem and verticils of extremely 
slender twigs is a mistake, for in his Ninth Memoir on the 
Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures, we 
find him writing, " That such was the case with very young 
Calamitean stems is more than probable ; but my specimens 
seem to show that many of the twigs of each verticil were 
arrested at an early stage of their development, whilst the 
few that were not so arrested did not differ materially in their 
external appearance from the branches of an ordinary Pinus." 
Astromyelon. 
Stems. — Sunny Bank Pit, Southowram ; and Elland. 
The peculiar stellate form exhibited by the pith when 
seen in transverse section is very characteristic. In transverse 
sections there is considerable resemblance between this genus 
and Calamites, but unlike the latter, Astromyelon had a 
branching unarticulated stem. 
1. Stems, &c. 
2. Organs of Fructification. 
3. Undetermined Forms. 
4. Fungi, 
I. — Stems. 
Calamites. 
Without bark, 
do. 
do. 
Elland. 
