138 
COLE : ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF WOLD DALES. 
Wetvvang contains a quantity of flint, and flints of a very large size : so 
does the present rock ; whereas the gravel at Garton Slack, two miles 
east of Wetwang, contains comparatively few flints, and none of a large 
size. This again corresponds with the flintless nature of the chalk in 
this direction. 
The deposition of all the bottom gravels shows distinct traces of 
stratification. There are beds of sand, and clay intercalated in the beds 
of chalk gravel; and the chalk gravel itself presents different aspects at 
different altitudes. This points to a sorting and arrangement under 
water, i.e., under marine action, before the sea finally abandoned the 
fjords of the Wolds. 
On the other hand, the beaches alluded to above, on the sides and 
tops of the dales, exhibit no traces of stratification, nor do they contain 
large, clean, flattened pieces of chalk, with the edges all rounded, as do 
the bottom gravels, but consist entirely of small fragments, sometimes 
rounded, but more commonly angular, as if crushed, and point more to 
ice action than to marine. 
Appendix F. 
I am indebted to Mr. K. Davison, of Driffield, for kindly analysing 
for me three samples of water, taken from Wharram, Kirkburn, and 
Driffield. 
No. 1 was taken from a spring near Wharram station, which, in all 
probability, had not traversed a great extent of chalk rock, either in 
depth or distance. 
No. 2 from a spring at Kirkburn, which probably represents a large 
drainage area. 
No. 3 from the deep bore-hole in the water-bearing area of the 
chalk in Holderness, which supplies the boilers of the Driffield and 
East Hiding Cake Co. 
The analysis is as follows : — 
Grains per gallon. 
Lime. Carbonate of Lime. 
NoA. Wharram 6'82 = 12-18 
No. X Kirkburn 6'82 = 12*18 
No. 3. Driffield 7 "60 == 13*58 
From this analysis, combined with the data given in Mr. Mortimer's 
paper on the Chalk Water Supply of Yorkshire, which show an area of 
420 square miles of exposed chalk, an average of 27| inches of rainfall 
per annum, with a deduction of one-fourth for the amount of rain 
intercepted in various ways, I have constructed the following tables 
(A and B), worked for convenience by the aid of logarithms : — 
