TATE : SOURCE OF RIVER AIRE. 
181 
Morrison had applied, with the like result, years ago, and 
had recently repeated, to satisfy Mr. Ruskin, who was then 
on a visit. 
In view of these divergent conclusions respecting the 
origin of the Aire, a few members of this Society determined 
to investigate the problem in all its various aspects, by a 
series of carefully-planned experiments. 
The co-operation of Mr. Walter Morrison, the owner of 
the property, was early sought and promptly rendered ; and 
the success of these researches is due chiefly to his sound 
advice and practical aid, while his genial conversation and 
delicate forethought will not soon be forgotten by those who 
had the good fortune to share his generous hospitality. 
Report of the Experiments. 
First Day, — Arrived on the ground, the members dis- 
persed to the several points at which it was deemed neces- 
sary to keep watch and ward. The temperatures of air and 
water were recorded at frequent intervals, and samples of the 
water were collected for subsequent analysis (Appendix A). 
Wind N.KE. Although the middle of May, snow fell 
repeatedly during the day. At 2.30 p.m. a sack of chaff wa3 
thrown, or rather thrust, into the " Swallow-hole " at the 
Streets Smelt Mills, the syke itself being too languid to force 
the chaff down. At 4 p.m. the sluices of Malham Tarn were 
opened. Eighteen minutes later the augmented waters of 
the stream reached the Tarn " watersinks." At 4.25 all the 
sinks were united and the water rapidly rising ; by 4.30 the 
water was flowing through the top "water-holes" on the 
wall which separates the stream from the sinks, and the 
influx of Tarn water caused a rapid fall of temperature. 
(See Appendix A.) At 4.35 the flow of water had become 
so great that the sinks were unable to swallow it all ; the 
excess consequently flowed along the old bed of the Aire, 
