186 
TATE: SOURCE OF RIVER AIRE. 
Appendix C. 
Analyses given in the Sixth Report 
of the pivers Pollution 
Commission, 1874, pages 43, lit. 
Contents in grains per gallon. 
Tarn. 
Cove. 
Airehead. 
Total Solids ... 
87 
11-3 
10-9 
Organic Carbon 
-19 .. 
•2 
•11 
Organic Nitrogen 
-02 .. 
•0098 ., 
•0049 
Chlorine 
-66 .. 
•8 
•69 
Total Hardness 
9-5 
HI 
8'5 
NOTE ON AN INTERMITTENT SPRING AT MALHAM. 
BY THOMAS TATE, F.G.S. 
"Whtle prosecuting the investigations recorded in the pre- 
ceding paper, Mr. Morrison called our attention to an 
interesting phenomenon, not before publicly recorded. On 
the north-east of Malham the scar limestone rises abruptly 
to an altitude of 1,000 feet, forming Cowden Hill. Cowden 
Hill is ordinarily without a spring, but about once in every 
five years a body of water rushes out of the foot of the hill 
and down Finkle Street to the Lister's Arms Inn, with such 
violence as to tear away the macadam off the road, in parts, 
down to the rock. This torrential discharge will continue 
for seven or eight hours, after which the scene will resume 
its wonted stillness, and the grass reclothe its denuded slopes. 
The Sabbatic River of Syria, which, in the time of 
Josephus, flowed every Sabbath day, but now flows every 
third day, is an analogous phenomenon. It reminds us also 
of the "Grypseys" of the Yorkshire Wolds and the "Nail- 
bournes" of Kent. The writer recently accompanied Pro- 
fessor Judd on a visit to Caterham on the North Downs, 
where is one of these " Nailbournes," which bears a near 
resemblance to the Cowden spring, inasmuch as it flows once 
in two years. But the Malham intermittent spring possesses 
