MELLO : CKESWELL CAVES. 
time the chalky gravel resting on the chalk is often well water- 
worn ; but it probably is either old river gravel, or sea beach. 
P.S. — I have recently seen boulder clay over the gravel A, 
on the west side of the Danes' Dike Valley. 
ON THE AGE OF THE PENINE CHAIN. BY E. WILSON, F.G.S. 
Printed in the Geological Magazine, November, 1879, and in the 
Midland Naturalist. 
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE ORES WELL CAVES. BY THE REV. 
J. MAGENS MELLO, M.A., F.G.S. , ETC. 
PLEISTOCENE DISCOVERIES IN DERBYSHIRE. 
Tlie first discovery of the Pleistocene Mammalia in Derbyshire 
was, I believe, made as long ago as 1322, when the remains of 
the Woolly Rhinoceros, the Reindeer, a?id some other animals 
were found in tbe Dream Cave, near Wirks worth. This cave how- 
ever was never the habitation of wild beasts, but had been a trap 
in which they had miserably perished : it was one of those swallow 
holes so common in the Limestone districts. Since then, until 
I had the good fortune to light upon the Caves at Creswell, but 
few traces of the extinct animals were met with in the county ; 
the Mammotli, Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus were found close 
to its W. border at Waterhouses, and the first of these animals 
was also met with at Doveholes and near Castleton, in conjunction 
with the Rhinoceros. Abundant remains of the Reindeer and 
Bison, accompanied by the Bear and the Wolf, were discovered 
by Mr. Rooke Pennington, at Windy Knoll, close to Castleton ; 
and still more recently a fissure at Matlock Bath has yielded 
specimens of some of the more common of the Cave mammalia. 
THE CRESWELL CAVES. 
The Creswell Caves are remarkable in that they do not occi,r 
as do the majority of Bone Caves in the carboniferous limestone, 
but in Dolomite of the Permian scries. They consist of a few 
