256 
MELLO : CRESWELL CAVES. 
Cave ; and when the breccia was accumulating, the Hyena and the 
Wolf, the Bear and the Fox, preyed on Eeindeer, and Horses aDd 
Hares j whilst the Woolly Rhinoceros and Mammoth were also 
inhabitants of the locality. 
The remains found in the breccia may be classed with those in 
the upper parts of the Cave earth, as this was a contemporary 
deposit, and it appears that whilst the Cave was now and again 
occupied by the Hyenas, who in vast hordes haunted the neigh- 
bourhood and dragged their prey into the recesses of the Creswell 
Rocks, man was also no infrequent visitor, for in the same deposits 
containing the teeth and bones of the Pleistocene animals many 
implements, scrapers, awls, flakes, and lance heads of flint occured, 
as well as some made either of bone or antler ; besides such other 
traces as fragments of charcoal, a piece of amber, and bits of ruddle ; 
this latter substance being probably used by the old Cave men for 
personal adornment. The bone implements consisted of some 
sharpened antler tips and an awl. From the character of these 
implements, and still more from that of the flint lance heads, found 
with them in the breccia and upper Cave earth, Prof. Dawkins has 
formed the conclusion that the men who made them were of the 
same race as those who used weapons and tools of the same type in 
the Caves of Perigord. The lance heads found at Solutre, and La 
Madeleine, and Laugerie Haute might all have been fashioned from 
models familiar to the Creswell hunters ; a still lurther point of 
connection between the two is furnished by the discovery in the 
Robin Hood Cave of an engraving of a horse's head on a frag- 
ment of rib, the only trace hitherto found in this country of an art, 
which judging from the more numerous engravings of animals 
found in some of the Continental Caves, seems to have been prac- 
tised with considerable success in those early djys of human 
history in Europe ; France, Belgium, and Switzerland, have all 
furnished examples of this primitive culture. 
When we come to the lower parts of the Cave earth and to 
the underlying red sand in the Robin Hood Cave, we find that 
whilst the same fauna were present, a less cultivated tribe of men 
