MELLO : CUES WELL CAVES. 
263 
men and animals alike ; for whilst the rivers at one time were open 
enough to allow the Hippopotamus freely to make its way far to 
the north, and when the inhabitants of warm or temperate climates 
haunted the forests of Creswell, at another we find the Reindeer 
and the Glutton, together with the Arctic Fox, equally abundant ; 
and we also find in the closest connection such now widely 
separated animals as the Reindeer and the Hyena, which must in 
those early days have constantly met in the neighbourhood, the 
former being no unfrequent victim of the latter, as witnessed by 
the gnawed fragments of its skeleton now discovered in the Caves. 
Of the Neolithic age we have no very clear traces at Creswell, 
unless the skulls which have been mentioned are without doubt 
to be attributed to that period ; but the men who used the polish- 
ed stone implements, so frequent in the tumuli of this and other 
countries, have not left any plainly recognizable relics of their 
workmanship in these Caves ; and although doubtless the tramp 
of the Roman legionaries would have been now and again heard in 
the neighbourhood, a few coins and ornaments alone remain to 
tell of their higher civilization, and of that age when their 
effeminate subjects were on the withdrawal of the Imperial troops 
driven to the Caves by the warlike Saxons and other invaders! 
Mediaeval pottery and a coin, together with the refuse of yet more 
recent days, carry on the history, and bring us to the Creswell of 
to-day, from around which has long since disappeared the primeval 
forest and w T ild fauna of earlier times. 
I append a complete list of the animals which have been found 
in the Caves, separating those of the Pleistocene age from those 
of later date, and also showing their distribution in the respective 
Caves ; the determination in the case of all the Caves except the 
Pin Hole having been made by Prof. Boyd Dawkins. 
