45 
by the fact of their temperature being some few degrees 
higher than that of ordinary springs under similar circum- 
stances. A spring near Fullwood is a good illustration of 
this fact. It is, I presume, that described at page 271 of 
Dr. Shores work, under the name of Fullwood Spa ; though 
we cannot now say that it lies " on the north side of a most 
desert, heathy, mossy mountain,' ' being surrounded with 
cultivated fields. Its mean temperature is about 50 J°, though 
situated at the bottom of the valley, 650 feet above the sea, 
and it is therefore about 2° warmer than ordinary springs 
whose elevation is 200 or 300 feet less. Much the same 
remarks would apply in the case of the other chalybeate 
springs mentioned in the list, and we must therefore conclude 
either that they proceed from a sufficiently great depth to 
exhibit slightly the warming effects of the interior of the 
globe, or else that their temperature is somewhat raised by 
the oxidization of the pyrites of the subjacent strata, to which 
no doubt their chalybeate character is due. Both these 
causes are so very probable, that I feel strongly inclined to 
refer the relative warmth of these springs to their combined 
action. 
ON THE GEOLOGICAL AND ARCHJSOLOGICAL CONTENTS OF THE 
VICTORIA AND DOWKABOTTOM CAVES IN CRAVEN. BY 
MR. HENRY DENNY, A.L.S., &C. 
The magnificent range of rocks extending through Craven 
belonging to the lower scar limestone of Phillips, contains 
numerous caverns or fissures of considerable extent, which 
have probably been caused by volcanic agency on the one 
hand, or by the action of currents of water on the other. 
Those who have stood in the awfully sublime portals of 
Gordale, will not soon forget the feelings with which they 
