65 
however, we consider the canine remains to be those of wolves 
or dogs, we must not, in either case, assign them to a recent 
deposit, as the absorbent condition of the bones leaves no doubt 
of their antiquity. If any additional evidence is required to 
substantiate the probable age of the mammalian reliquiae 
from the Victoria and Dowkabottom caves, it is furnished by 
the fact that Dr. Buckland found in the Kirkdale cave (also 
in Yorkshire) the bones of all the animals I have enumerated, 
with the exception of the wolf-like dog, associated with those 
of the elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, and must 
therefore all have been contemporaneous. 
From the occurrence of the remains of man and his works 
in these caves, apparently mixed with the bones of extinct 
animals, it brings the oft-contested point before us — Were they 
contemporaneous in this instance ? That this is a question of 
extreme difficulty to determine I am fully aware, and have else- 
where endeavoured to prove, from the numerous instances 
which are on record of their association under circumstances so 
apparently conclusive, that we are justified in either extend- 
ing the epoch of man's advent, or bringing the life periods of 
the extinct mammalia down to a more recent age, when the 
last of the latter might be coeval with the first of the former. I 
need not now refer to the various localities in which the remains 
of man and extinct animals have been discovered both in 
Britain and on the Continent, as all such occurrences have 
been invariably negatived at the outset by geologists, appar- 
ently from a pre- determination not to allow of their having 
been of the same age, however conclusive the evidence they 
adduce. Instances, nevertheless, continue to occur in spite 
of these geological edicts, which are of such a character as 
to render it almost impossible to doubt or disprove them. I 
here allude to the discovery in the Brixham cave, of flint 
implements of human construction, with bones of the cave 
bear, hyaena, cave lion, cave tiger, elephant, rhinoceros, 
E 
