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is that the various strata containing water, with particulars 
of its qualities, and the depths at which it might be obtained, 
are. omitted to be set forth in our maps, records, and other 
sources of geological information. Of what avail will be 
the useful inventions of those great men, Hargreaves, 
Arkwright, Cartwright, Crompton, and Watt, and of the 
modern application of the great principles developed by 
these men, if we fail in adequately providing that without 
which none of them can be successfully worked ? 
I would therefore suggest that the delineation of water 
springs, their qualities, quantities, and depths, be indicated 
upon our maps, in the same manner as beds of coal, clay, 
iron, stone, and other strata are set forth, as information 
equally necessary and essential. A careful collection of 
facts from experience and observation, and thus delineated, 
would form a very valuable addition to our present stock 
of useful knowledge, and would often prevent the loss of 
capital in mere speculative search to provide that which does 
not exist in sufficient quantity to justify the outlay. Again, 
is it possible to ascertain the sources from whence springs 
are supplied, the rate of supply, and the quantities to be 
realised from springs at depths varying from 10 to 600 
feet ? Here a question arises. Does water exist beneath 
the surface beyond a certain depth in any and every locality ? 
There is a theory that it does not. How to reconcile this 
theory in all cases with the facts, I know not. In many 
mining districts the theory is borne out ; in others the 
reverse is the case, as at La Grenelle, near Paris, in London, 
Bristol, and other places. To confine attention for the present 
to the West Riding of Yorkshire, if we draw a line south from 
Penistone to Otley or Pateley Bridge, north of the gannister 
of Halifax beds of coal, we shall find an uniform result, 
both as to what may be termed surface water and deep 
springs. These springs arc found in various places, finding 
