1G1 
Yet scientific men are evidently inclining to the admission 
that man has been the contemporary of some extinct species. 
At Ilford, bones of the Elephas primigenius and the rhinoceros 
have been found along with those of the extinct ox and 
the Irish elk. And as no broad line of distinction between 
those last mentioned and the large pachydermata can be 
derived from their state of preservation or the places which 
they occupy, it seems reasonable to extend to them also 
the admission of contemporaneousness with man. On this 
point a great change has taken place within the last few 
years. When Mr. Teale gave the British Association, at its 
meeting at Hull, an account of the discoveries in the valley 
of the Aire, his conclusions were evidently received with 
scepticism both by geologists and archaeologists. Professor 
Phillips, however, in his last published work, " Life and its 
succession," says, " In the alluvial sediments of the valley 
of the Aire lie nearly complete skeletons of the extinct 
Hippopotamus Major, in another place, jaws and horns of the 
deer. Perhaps man was contemporary with this extinct 
hippopotamus, which has also been found in the peat deposits 
of Lancashire." The same author, speaking of the flint 
implements from the valley of the Somme, says, "In this 
gravel have been found remains of the Elephas primigenius, 
now extinct, with whom man may have been contemporary 
in Europe — not a startling inference, if we remember the 
discovery of the entire specimen, covered with flesh and hair, 
at the mouth of the Lena." This sound and cautious 
reasoner is not startled at the length of time required for 
producing those changes in the earth's surface which these 
phaenomena imply. " To heap 20 feet or more of sediment 
over a buried canoe, he says, by the ordinary operations of a 
river like the Yorkshire Aire, would require thousands of 
years ; if it were accumulated under different geographical 
conditions, this would perhaps require the hypothesis of still 
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