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roasted, coarsely ground between stones, and then either 
stored up in large earthenware pots, or eaten after being 
slightly moistened. A similar mode of preparing grain was 
used in the Canary Islands at the time they were con- 
quered by Spain, and even now constitutes the principal food 
of the poorer classes. In what manner the ground was pre- 
pared for the cultivation of corn we know not, as no agricul- 
tural implements have as yet been found except sickles ; it is 
probable however that bent stakes supplied the place of the 
plough. 
Carbonised apples and pears have also been found at 
Wangen, sometimes whole, sometimes cut into two, or more 
rarely into four pieces, which had evidently been dried and 
put aside for winter use. The apples are more frequent than 
the pears, and have been found not only at Wangen, but also 
at Robenhausen in Lake Pfeffikon, and at Concise in Lake 
Neufchatel. Both apples and pears are small and resemble 
those which still grow wild in the Swiss forests. No traces 
of the vine, the cherry, or the damson have yet been met 
with, but stones of the wild plum and the prunus padus 
have been found. Seeds of the raspberry and blackberry, 
and shells of the hazel nuts and beechnuts occur plentifully 
in the mud. 
From all this, therefore, it is evident that the nourishment 
of the dwellers in the pileworks consisted of corn and wild 
fruits, of fish, and the flesh of wild and domestic animals. 
Doubtless also milk was an important article of their diet. 
The pottery of the stone age presents nearly the same 
characters in all the settlements. Very rude and coarse, it is 
generally found in broken pieces, and few entire vessels have 
been obtained. The potter's wheel seems to have been un- 
known, and the baking was very imperfect. The form was 
frequently cylindrical, but several of the jars were rounded 
at the base, and without feet. 
