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of exterior defences, as well as barriers nearer home ; — and 
so on. 
Of the defences which lie to the north of what I must 
call our " sub-district/' I do not purpose to say more than 
this, — that I have not yet had the opportunity of working 
them out so thoroughly as the others, but that while they 
appear, from the nature of the ground, less systematic as 
a whole (although equally, or perhaps more, extensive in at 
least one particular locality), yet their general character or 
dimensions are not such as, in any degree, to modify what I 
wish to remark concerning those on the south ; which, 
indeed, have been mentioned here only that I may have the 
opportunity of making the remarks thus adverted to. 
Two or three years since, having been invalided and sent 
away from home, I had the opportunity of looking at various 
earthworks, camps, and entrenchments of, I suppose, un- 
doubted British or Celtic origin, situate in Berkshire and 
Somersetshire. The contrast between these, and those I was 
so familiar with at home fand now under mention) was just 
this : — that the Cleveland bulwarks and strongholds might 
have been put bodily into the fosse of the South of England 
entrenchments, and not have done so very much towards 
filling it up as to have been any astonishing help to a 
storming party. Just so again, a friend whom I had taken 
to see some of these Cleveland remains, and who was familiar 
with ancient works of like purpose in other parts of the 
North of England, made a precisely similar remark touching 
the relative magnitude of the remains in question. Or again 
— the noted Scamridge dikes in the East Biding : — I believe 
all the ramparts and intrenchments in Cleveland put 
together would scarcely form an equivalent, in point of 
magnitude and development, to these lines alone. 
My inference from these facts and comparisons is as 
follows. The Cleveland defences, as raised against assailants 
