340 
proportion of its ancient bears as compared with its 
hyaenas, the two being reversed in the Island and on the 
Continent. 
In the caverns of Germany, Westphalia, and Hungary are 
numerous remains of the genus Ursus, and scarcely any of 
the hyaena. In that of Kuhloch, which is in a perpendicular 
cliff on the left flank of the gorge of the Esbach, opposite 
the Castle of Rabenstein, and in size and proportion nearly 
equal to that of a large church, there are hundreds of cart- 
loads of black animal dust, entirely covering the whole floor 
to a depth averaging six feet at least, and which, . if 
multiplied by the length and breadth of the cavern, exceeds 
5,000 cubic feet. The whole of this mass has been again and 
again dug over, says Dr. Buckland, in search of teeth and 
bones of bears, which it still contains abundantly. The quan- 
tity of animal matter accumulated on this floor is so great 
that many hundreds, or even thousands, of bears must have 
contributed their remains to make up this appalling mass of 
the dust of death ; and' allowing, as Dr. Buckland observes, 
two cubic feet of dust and bones for each individual animal, 
we shall have, in this single charnel-house, the remains of at 
least 2,500 bears ; a number which may have been supplied 
in the space of 1,000 years, by a mortality from natural 
causes at the rate of two-and-a-half per annum. In the 
Cave at Gaylenreuth again, which also contains many 
hundreds of waggon-loads of bones and animal matter, 
Esper computes that a thousand individuals were entombed, 
of these 870 were bears, and only 25 hyaenas ! 
In Britain, on the contrary, as I have already stated, the 
reverse of this occurs, the limestone caverns containing a 
majority of the latter animal, and but few of the former. When 
alluding to this circumstance, Professor Owen observes, 
" How far this difference may be taken as an indication of 
some geographical separation having existed at the remote 
