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tained the buildings in which the chieftain and his household 
lived, and of a smaller enclosure, nearly circular, which is 
occupied by a great mound, the space round the latter being 
small. The object of this mound is a question of some 
interest. It could hardly be intended for defence, because it 
was cut off by strong entrenchments from the larger inclosure, 
which was sufficiently strong in itself. It has not the appear- 
ance of having ever supported buildings. It was not wanted as 
a place for watching the approach of enemies, for the position of 
this stronghold is so bold that you overlook the country as well 
from the entrenchments below as from the top of the mound. 
An excellent and learned friend, Sir Emerson Tennent, who has 
found similar earthworks in the districts held by the Danes 
in Ireland, believes this mound to be the thing of the 
Northern nations (and of the Anglo-Saxons also), the hill on 
which the king or the shire held the assembly for administer- 
ing justice. From what I know of Sir Emerson's researches, 
I look forward to a very important essay on this subject from 
his pen. The entrenchments at Barwick-in-Elmete are so 
unlike anything Roman, or anything which has been sup- 
posed to be older than Roman times, that I think we are 
quite justified in considering them to be an early Anglo- 
Saxon work. I may add that I have visited them personally 
to-day, and I did that which it is always well to do on such 
occasions. There are, within the large enclosure, houses and 
cottages with gardens. I inquired of one of the cottagers if 
he never dug up objects of antiquity in his garden, and he 
immediately produced two or three coins and some pottery, 
which were mostly of the sixteenth century, and are easily 
accounted for by the circumstance that an old manor-house 
occupied this part of the site, as early, I believe, as the 
fifteenth century. Two coins only were older than the 
sixteenth century, and these, which I now exhibit to you, are 
Roman, — small coins of the emperors of the Constantine. 
