467 
barrows at other places, and likewise witli particular systems 
of fortification, such as the Skipwith double and triple line of 
embankment with ditches ; the single line known as " Danes 
Dike," and the enclosed camp at Ampleforth ; and the 
diminutive ramparts in Cleveland : all of which have their 
counterparts in other fortified places in England. 
These distinct me thods of laying out villages, and building 
the foundations of huts, and of fortifying them, as well as 
enclosing whole districts for confining the range of their 
cattle, are very naturally accompanied with evidence of their 
having had distinct modes of burial and ceremonial customs; 
and, from the descriptions given by antiquaries of various 
classes of barrows, and of different relics which have been 
found in them, it is evident that there were as many various 
kinds of interment as there were tribes or races of people in 
Britain at that very early period. The long barrows are 
considered to be the earliest of all ; I presume because they 
are few in number, and the skulls are of the dolicho-cephalic 
type. They are certainly very peculiar, on account of 
their having a clay trench in them, and the remains of a 
large number of bodies, or rather a large quantity of bones, 
placed in them after cremation. 
We next find distinct evidence that some of the round 
barrows were the tombs of a rather more civilized race, who 
appear to have had chiefs, and a religious ceremony at the 
time of interment. They did not burn the body, but doubled 
it up into the smallest compass (like the ancient Peruvians), 
and deposited it in a cist, and scattered flint implements and 
broken pottery about the mound of earth that they raised 
over the body ; or otherwise bent the legs at a right angle 
with the body, and buried it without a cist, with a small vase 
near the head, as the Yorkshire Antiquarian Club found them 
in the Acklam tumuli ; or buried numerous bodies in a sitting 
posture within what is supposed to have been a previous 
residence, and named the "Passage Mounds." 
