1st. The Extinct Species. Out of the 53 species proved to 
have inhabited Pleistocene Britain, but 14 are no longer to 
be found on the face of the earth : — 
Machairodus latidens. 
Ursus spelseus. 
Megaceros Hibernicus. 
Cervus dicranios. 
Elephas antiquus. 
Elephas primigeoius. 
Elephas priscus. 
Elephas meridionalis. 
Hippopotamus major. 
Rhinoceros tichorhinns. 
Rhinoceros megarhinus. 
Rhinoceros leptorhinus. 
Rhinoceros etruscus. 
Castor trogontherium. 
2nd. Species confined to Northern Climates. This group 
of Pleistocene mammals is now confined to the colder regions 
of the north, or the high altitudes in the northern hemisphere, 
where a low temperature obtains, and consists of eight: — 
Spermophilus citillus. 
Spermophilus erythogenoides. 
Lagomys spelseus. 
Lemmas. 
Gulo luscus. 
Cervus tarandus. 
Alces maichis. 
Ovibos moschatus. 
3rd. Species confined to Southern Climates. This group 
consists of only two : — 
Felis spelaea, variety of Felis leo. 
Hyaena spelaea, variety of Hyaena crocuta. 
4th. Species common to Cold and, Tropical Climates. The 
Felis antiqua, or fossil representative of the leopard (Felis 
pardus), extend, at the present day, throughout Africa and 
Persia into Siberia. The fox and the wolf are other instances 
of some of the living carnivora being able to endure almost 
every degree of temperature without being specifically modi- 
fied by it. 
5th. Species still Inhabiting the Temperate Zones of 
Europe. This is the largest group of Pleistocene mammalia, 
and embraces 28 species which are still living in the tem- 
perate zones of Europe: — 
Homo. 
Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. 
Vespertilio noctula. 
Talpa vulgaris. 
Felis catus ferns. 
Canis lupus. 
Canis vulpes. 
Mustela erminea. 
Mustela putorius. 
Mustela martes. 
