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sixteen spokes, and in every case the rim was of iron, the 
axle of iron plated with bronze. The chariot was no doubt 
small, for the horses which drew it were of small size, some- 
thing like our galloways, judging by their skeletons, which 
have been found laid alongside the pole. "With the chariot 
and horses have been associated quantities of rings, plates, 
bits, and other articles of bronze, sometimes beautifully 
enamelled, which had formed the trappings of the horses 
and ornamental parts of the chariot, and which show to 
what perfection in metal work these people had arrived. 
The implements, like the arms, were made both of bronze 
and of flint, or other stone. The most common is the enig- 
matical article called a celt, from the Latin celtis, a chisel, 
which it is not. It varies much in size, and a little in shape, 
and has been hafted in two ways, by inserting the wooden 
shaft into the socketed end of the one type, and by inserting 
the wedge-shaped end of the other type, the so-called 
palstaab, into a split shaft. It has been conjectured that it 
was used as a hatchet, and as the ferrule end of the spear 
shaft. Though it seems ill adapted for a hatchet, because it 
would require a bent handle to enable it to be so used, and 
such a handle would be liable to break at the bend, it has, 
nevertheless, been found with a bent handle attached to it, 
and must have served as an axe. The other conjecture, that 
it was the end of a spear shaft, is not worth consideration, 
and only originated in celts and spear-heads being frequently 
associated. The axe was, frequently, during the bronze age, 
made of stone, great numbers of which have been discovered, 
and sometimes in connection with bronze articles. Another 
use of the bronze celt may have been to loosen hard soil, 
wooden shovels being, probably, used in conjunction with it, 
and to root up stones and to destroy ramparts. Besides the 
celt, and frequently along with it, bronze gouges and chisels 
have been discovered, sometimes in large quantities, together 
