531 
which vary in number from one to three or four, are made of 
stones, or of stones and earth, in height ranging from seven or 
eight feet up to nearly twenty. Upon these it is probable 
that stockades of timber were erected, indeed in one place in 
Hampshire the remains of such an additional defence have 
been found. Between the ramparts are ditches, which in 
general must have been dry ; I have, however, seen one 
instance where there was an evident provision for filling the 
ditch with water. The entrances to these forts have fre- 
quently additional works to defend them, and what appears 
to have been guard chambers have also been found in connec- 
tion with them. Access to and from the fort, without being 
seen by the neighbouring enemy, has been got by covered 
ways, which are very common ; these, in many cases, appear 
to lead down to water. There are also other roads, or what- 
ever they may be, the object of which it is not easy to make 
out. Large enclosures, no doubt for cattle, are very usual 
accompaniments of a fort. 
Although many such forts as those I have been describing 
are found in Yorkshire, yet they are by no means so abundant 
as they are in Northumberland. It has suggested itself to 
me that this may have arisen from there having been more 
numerous small tribes in that county than in Yorkshire. 
On the Wold district, and in other places, just as we find 
on the similar down county of Wiltshire, are numerous 
defensive lines, some of them of very great extent, the pur- 
pose of which it is not easy to understand ; for they are in 
some cases of such magnitude that it would require an army 
far beyond what these tribes could have raised, to hold them. 
Until, however, they are properly laid down on a plan, it is 
impossible to gain any just notion of their purpose, and it 
is much to be desired that such a work should be done, 
and that speedily, for they are rapidly disappearing, through 
cultivation. 
