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magnesian limestone. And I would venture to suggest that 
these masses of drift are the sands and shingles of those 
ancient shores, left in the oolitic times, and swept down 
during the great submergence of the glacial period. 
Since that period these gravel beds have been much 
denuded, and their materials re-deposited; the manner of 
which seems to have been this : as the sea bed began to 
rise these deposits came under the influence of strong 
currents, which, taking their course along the submerged 
valleys, then partially obliterated by the stream of drift 
which crossed their course, carried away the gravel from the 
lower parts of these valleys, and spread it in an even deposit 
eastward, leaving the present hills, as they at that time were 
just rising out of the sea, capped with thick masses of gravel, 
and scooping out of the sides of these gravel hills little 
valleys, which now run in a cross direction to the larger 
valleys. 
Occasionally the underlying rock, as at Markington and 
South Stainley, is quite denuded, showing that strong tidal 
currents continued to flow along these valleys, until the land 
was gradually lifted out of their power. During this period 
the gravels of the Ure near Eipon, and at Wormald Green, 
were deposited. Those at Wormald Green seem to be the 
earlier, as they stand at a higher level than the Ure gravels. 
They rest upon the magnesian limestone, the surface of which, 
when uncovered, is indented with irregular grooves and pot- 
holes; the clear evidences of a wave-beaten shore. That 
they are re-deposited gravels, seems pretty clear, from the 
appearance of the gravels themselves ; which are less coherent 
than the ordinary gravels, contain less clay, and are more 
regularly deposited. And what confirms this view is this, 
that none of the limestone pebbles exhibit scratches, these 
having been obliterated by the friction which took place 
during their re-deposit. 
