565 
geology of the country in the immediate neighbourhood of 
Ripon, which have come under my notice. They are not any 
of them, perhaps, of any very great importance, yet they 
serve to fill up a little page in the general history of the 
earth in past ages. 
NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF PARTS OF YORKSHIRE AND WEST- 
MORELAND. BY T. MC. K. HUGHES, M.A., F.G.S., H. M. GEO- 
LOGICAL SURVEY. 
The observations on which these notes are founded were 
made when carrying on the geological survey of the district, 
and are now offered to your Society with the permission of 
the Director of the Survey. 
I do not propose to give a detailed description of the 
district, but rather to call the attention of your Society to 
points of special interest, which may be visited in a summer's 
day ramble, or points of special difficulty, which require 
working out. 
The general features of the country may be thus summed 
up; Ingleborough, "Whernside, and Penyghent consist 
chiefly of Yoredale rocks, capped by Millstone grit, and 
resting on a great plateau of Mountain limestone, which 
slopes gently, with the slope of the beds, to the N.N.E. 
Under the southern escarpment of the limestone, and in the 
deep valleys of Horton-in-Ribblesdale, Crummack Beck, 
Clapham, Chapel-le-dale, and Kingsdale, we find different 
members of the Silurian series on the upturned edges of 
which the Carboniferous rocks lie. The Craven faults, of 
various ages, running nearly W.N.W. and E.S.E., bring 
down the Mountain limestone on the S. against the Silurian 
rocks, and again the higher Carboniferous, and even Permian, 
against the Mountain limestone. As we get near the Lune, 
a great system of N. and S. faults runs into these, connecting 
