566 
them eventually with the Pennine system. Taking the rocks 
in ascending order, we have first : — 
The Silurian Rocks. 
As I have a paper in the press* describing these beds in 
some detail, I will now notice only the more important 
points. 
To the lower Silurian we must refer the Green slates and 
overlying Coniston limestone of Chapel-le-dale, Kingsdale, 
and Horton-in-Eibblesdale. The Coniston limestone and over- 
lying Trinucleus shales of Sarley Beck and the Eawthey N.E. 
of Sedbergh, and of Helm Gill, near Dent, and the Coniston 
limestone and overlying Trinucleus shales and ash-like beds 
of Austwick. Professor Harkness has shown that the Green 
slates are on the horizon of the Caradoc sandstone. The 
Coniston limestone is generally allowed to be the equivalent 
of the Bala limestone, and the shales with Trinucleus, of 
Austwick, &c, occur in the same position relative to the 
Coniston limestone that the Trinucleus shales hold with 
respect to the Bala limestone of Wales and Ireland. 
These older rocks were hardened, upheaved, and folded 
along axes running nearly "W.N.W. and E.S.E. (i.e., parallel 
to the Craven faults), and on their denuded edges the upper 
silurian rocks were deposited. The proofs of this may be 
well seen near Austwick, where, on the south side of 
Souththwaite farm house, there is, at the base of the Coniston 
Flag series, a bed of conglomerate, made up of fragments of 
the older series, and resting on shales containing Trinucleus 
and other marked Lower Silurian forms. The conglomerate 
occurs again just below Austwick Beck head, where it rests 
upon shales which I would refer to a lower part of the series 
than those on which it lies near Souththwaite. It is very cal- 
careous, and in places is represented by a grey, coarse looking 
crystalline limestone. This is important, as in the next 
* Geological Magazine, August, 1867. 
