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valley, near Crag Hill, S.W. of Horton-in-Bibblesdale, there 
is no conglomerate at the base of the flags and grits, but 
there is a similar rough grey limestone resting on the close 
grained blue Coniston limestone and Shale. Unfortunately I 
could only find two species of Favosites, which prove nothing 
in this grey limestone ; but they are the same as those which 
occur in the conglomerate at Austwick. The order of suc- 
cession of the flags and grits above this is clear enough, and 
the series is characterised by well marked Upper Silurian 
forms, such as Cardiola interrupta, Pterinea tenuistriata, &c. 
Upon such evidence I wish to return to the classification 
published by Professor Sedgwick in 1846, and say that, "on 
the evidence both of mineral structure and of fossils, we are 
compelled to separate the Coniston flags from the Coniston 
limestone and calcareous slates, placing the former at the 
base of the Upper Silurian series of the Lake district.''* 
The Old Bed Sandstone and Carboniferous Bocks. 
The next question of great interest is, what is the base of 
the Carboniferous series? Along the cliffs from near Settle to 
Ingleton the base of the Mountain limestone may be traced 
resting with an almost unbroken line of junction on a 
planed -off surface of Silurian rocks. About Kirkby Lons- 
dale, Sedbergh, and many other places W. and N., thick 
masses of Old red, with its coarse drift-like conglomerate, tell 
of deep valleys filled with the debris of higher land. On 
the north side of the Howgill Fells, thick beds of red sand- 
stone and conglomerates, alternating with more or less 
calcareous shales, are evidently the waste of neighbouring 
land, resorted on the sea bottom, where numerous corals, 
shells, and other forms of life flourished. 
Near Horton-in-Ribblesdale, at Grillet Brse, in Beecroft 
Hall plantation, and near Dove Cote, we have pockets of a 
coarse red conglomerate in the surface of the Silurian rocks, 
* Wordsworth" 1 s Guide to the English Lakes, p. 223. 
