kkxdall: tttk (;lacier lakks of Cleveland. 
into a large and deep valley abruptly terminating to t he- 
south at 400 feet in a fine terrace, which evidently represents, 
the level of another lake of small area which drained by Oxdale 
Slack, a magnificent gorge gashing completely through a bold 
spur composed of hard and massive grit, into Lake Harwood 
Dale. 
The next marked halt of tlie ice-front was at Cloughton 
Moor Cottage, where a new overflow (Fig. 10) was formed. 
Here the ice must have stood steadily against the hillside until 
the channel was established, depositing a gravelly moraine. 
A number of parallel scarps on the hillside near Staintondale 
village show the movements of the ice-margin at this period, 
and indicate that Lake Staintondale was again isolated. A small 
furtlier retreat with slight oscillations produced the reticulated 
channel of Moor Lodge (Fig. 10). and subsequently the notch 
east of Craven Hill (Plate XII.). These drained by way of a 
new gorge. Stonedale. into Oxdale. A further retreat caused 
the cutting of the sharp valley which has isolated the hill known 
as Cober, and the next recession formed the splendid stream- 
less ravine of Xewlands Dale (Fig. 10), through which the Scar- 
borough and Whitby Railway now runs. The drainage of 
all this area fell into tlie gradually expanding Harwood Dale 
Lake. 
Lake Hachies-s. — In pre-glacial times a large stream, formed 
by the confluent becks of the great system of valleys converging 
on Hackness. flowed through the Sea-Cut valley to the sea at 
Scalby. The advance of the ice impounded this drainage, 
which formed Lake Hackness. with arms stretching far up. 
into the moorland gorges nortli and west of Hackness (Plate 
XIV.). The extreme edge of the ice is marked on Seamer Moor 
with much precision, by a line of morainic mounds on Hagworm 
Hill and Riggs Head with erratic ])ebbles. but no foreign boulder- 
lias been found west of this line. The waters of the lake rose 
to 400 or 425 feet O.D.. when a gap in the Corallian escarpment 
afforded an overflow down the dip-slope into Lake Pickering. 
By this time the overflow from Harwood Dale Lake would be 
established, and the great stream of water rapidly cut a canon 
with very steep contours. Forge Valley. The ice-lobe ai^pears. 
