16S 
S i:('R KTA K V 's II EPORT. 
metal and shows an imperfect columnar structure, and where 
weathered took on a concretionary form. On the return journey 
a visit was paid to the fine old Abbey of Jedburgh. 
On Friday an early visit was paid, under the leadership 
of Mr. Percy F. Kendall, F.G.S., to the quarry in the Melrose 
volcanic neck, which is a great mass of agglomerate, about a 
mile square, filling up the old vent of the volcano. The 
party then took train as far as Tynehead. in the Lammermuirs. 
where a fine section of drift was examined for rocks from the 
Highlands, but a few doubtful specimens were all that were 
found. Between Tynehead and Heriot a long glacial over- 
flow valle}" was examined, which crosses the watershed into 
the Forth valley and must have carried a large volume of water. 
The course of Gala Water was followed from Heriot to Fontan- 
liall. Graptolitic shales were searched for fossils, but without 
success, but in an adjoining boss radiolarian cherts are found 
associated Avith jasper rocks. 
The General Meeting was held at the King's Arms Hotel, 
^lelrose, when three new members were elected, and an interest- 
ing account of the ancient volcanoes of Southern Scotland was 
given by the Rev. W. Lower Carter, M.A., F.G.S. The writer, 
in briefly reviewing the ancient volcanic phenomena of Great 
Britain, showed that in Ordovician times there were great erup- 
tions in North Wales, forming first a great volcano in Merioneth, 
of which Cader Idris is a relic, and subsequently one of equal 
size in Carnarvonshire. The chief vent of the latter was in the 
neighbourhood of Aber, and the mountain masses of Carnedd 
Dafydd, The Glwydrs, and Snowdon were composed of parts 
of its Imge cone. In the Lake District there were in this period 
also great eruptions extending over a large area, and another 
centre of vulcanicity was the south-eastern corner of Ireland. 
In Southern Scotland there were also great volcanic outbursts 
in Ordovician times, but the vents were so covered up by lava 
sheets that it was difficult to identify them. In Old Red Sand- 
stone times there were vigorous eruptions along the margins 
of the great lakes which occupied immense stretches of mid and 
