UNDERGROUND WATERS OF NORTH-WEST YORKSHIRE. 267 
shortly be described in the Journal of that Society. These 
were not tested on account of their l)eing dry. 
Long Kin East (P 8) is a long rift in the limestone, some 
12 feet in depth, at the bottom of which a stream flows in a 
series of cascades, and passes at its lower extremity into a cave. 
Here U lbs. of fluorescein in alkaline solution were intro- 
duced at 1.20 p.m.. on April 28th, 1900. 
The most prominent joints in the limestone at Long Kin 
lun in a X.W. to S.E. direction. This line if continued passes 
near the large springs at Austwick Beck Head (S28) [PI. XXXIX., 
Fig. 1]. and it was therefore determined to watch the springs 
in that neighbourhood as well as those in Clapdale. 
The springs in Crummack Dale which unite to form Austwick 
Beck were watched by Mr. T. R. Clapliam, F.Pv.A.S.. of Austwick 
Hall, and Mr. Harry Harrison, of Clapham. Reports received 
from these observers show that they did not notice any fluor- 
escence in the streams from A])ril 28tli to May 10th. On 
May 11th, Mr. Harrison, accompanied by Mr. E. Spence, visited 
the springs at Austwick Beck Head (Ordnance Survey G inch 
map) (S 28) at 8.30 a.m.. and found the water distinctly coloured. 
On the same day, Mr. Clapham reported the water at Wharf e 
Bridge distinctly tinted, and the fluorescence was found to 
increase in vividness as the stream was followed towards Austwick 
Beck Head. The fluorescence continued to be observed for 
several days. Mr. Clapham also examined the springs at Xappa 
Scar (S 22-24 and 25) at the south-east corner of X^orber, and 
Mr. Harrison visited the springs at (S 27) Crummack Farm and 
Capple Bank Wood (S 29). but no fluorescence was observed. 
The Aveather being dry. no water was flowing along Moughton 
Sike. These interesting results reveal a direct connection 
between Long Kin East and Austwick Beck Head. The delay 
in the appearance of the fluorescein (ten days) was probably 
due in part to the small amount of water flowing into Long 
Kin East at the time of the experiments. 
A reference to the contoured maps. Pis. XXII. and XXVI., 
A^ill show that Gaping Ghyll and Long Kin are both in the 
catchment basin of Clapham Beck, but notwithstanding this 
fact, the waters of Long Kin pass beneath the surface water- 
