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NOTES ON THE " OVERFLOW CHANNEL " IN NEWTON DALE 
BETWEEN LAKE WHEELDALE AND LAKE PICKERING. 
BY J. T. SEWELL. 
Probably we are all acquainted with Professor Kendall's 
work on " The Glacial Lakes of Cleveland," and many of us 
may have been stimulated to go over the ground, and to find 
out — he having given us the key — what we can about this Ice 
Period of North-east Yorkshire. 
It is my hope to throw a little new light upon the carving of 
Newton Dale into its present shape, and in doing so to confirm 
Professor Kendall's description of this dale as a great southern 
outflow of the Cleveland drainage, with its intake at Fen Bogs, 
and its delta at Pickering. I only consider this, however, as 
one of the many early overflow channels southward, and not 
necessarily the first. 
May we briefly recall what would be the climatic and topo- 
graphical condition of the district during the time of v/hich 
Professor Kendall writes ? The cold caused by, or the cause of, 
this inroad of ice would maintain great quantities of snow, which 
in turn would be rapidly melted by the warmer winds of summer, 
the sun probably having the same effect as it has in the Arctic 
and Antarctic regions — that of hardening rather than of melting 
the snow. 
It has yet to be proved, but, by the lie of shingle-drift in 
Glacial sands, there is much evidence that the prevalent, or 
stronger wind in later Glacial times, has been from the west 
(beach on east side of lake). 
We may expect that the Glacial lakes had a great variation 
in level, due to what we may speak of as winter and summer 
conditions ; I doubt if this phase of the subject has had the 
study it deserves. 
The surface, denuded of vegetation, or only clothed with 
an Arctic flora, would offer very little resistance to the rushes of 
water consequent on melting snow ; also the porous Kellaways 
rock, and the sandy Estuarine series of the Middle Oolite, which 
