476 
secretary's report. 
Hard Bed coal, resting on blue ganister and ganister clay, is 
worked. The party then ascended Brown's Edge to see Castle 
Dyke, a circular entrenchment, and from that point a fine view 
is obtained of the series of grit escarpments which form such a 
striking feature of the watersheds of the Don and the Little Don. 
Returning to Hazlehead, the train was taken to Wortley. Walk- 
ing down the fine gorge of the Don, Deepcar was reached, where 
a visit was paid to the Lowood Works, where the process of 
the manufacture of silica and fire bricks was exhibited. After- 
wards the fine escarpment known as Wharncliffe Crags was 
visited, and an examination was made of the numerous examples 
of false-bedding there to be seen. These rocks afford an in- 
structive lesson on the formation of escarpments. As the 
grit is undermined by the weathering of the underlying shales, 
blocks break away from the face along the joint planes, and 
leave a sharp, perpendicular cliff. From the top of the crags 
a good view of the winding gorge of the River Don was obtained. 
On Friday, July 8th, the party took an early train from 
Barnsley to Conisbrough, where they were joined by members 
of the Doncaster Scientific Society. They climbed to the top 
of Conisbrough Common, whence there is a fine view of the 
gorge through which the Don flows from Mexborough. Close 
at hand is the picturesque keep of Conisbrough Castle, made 
famous by Sir Walter Scott in " Ivanhoe," and in the distance, 
to the north-west, lies the broad, shallow valley of the Dearne, 
while the mining village of Denaby can be descried more to 
the south. Beneath Conisbrough Common, beyond Denaby, 
is a streamless valley which appears to have been cut by the 
overflow of a lake formed by the damming of the Don valley 
at Mexborough by a glacier from the north. Subsequently 
a visit was paid to the Ashfield Brick Works, where there is 
exposed a good section of the Middle Coal Measures, with the 
Lower Magnesian Limestone and Lower Permian Marls above 
them. Abundant plant remains were noted in the marly beds, 
and Mr. W. H. Hemingway, of Barnsley, was fortunate enough 
to find two previously unrecorded species. At the top of this 
pit is a capping of drift gravel, out of which were taken a volcanic 
ash from the Lake District, boulders of Carboniferous Limestone, 
