SHEPPARD : INTER-GLACIAL GRAVELS OF HOLDERNESS. 
3 
more than a foot thick anywhere, and has a total exposed length of 
some eight feet. Just at the east of this several thin seams of 
boulder clay are seen intersecting the gravel and sand, in a net-like 
fashion (A 2). This boulder clay exactly resembles the tongue just 
described, though it is only in thicknesses of one to four inches, and 
the layers are bent and twisted in and out, following the curves of 
the sand and gravel. These seams of boulder clay are generally near 
the surface, and do not thrust into the gravel to the extent the 
previously mentioned tongue does. 
A little further to the east, where the height of the section is 
about 20 feet, it has the following singular appearance : — 
(a) Tlie bottom consists of slightly inclined chalky gravel, then 
(6) About one-third up is a layer of almost horizontally-bedded gravel 
nearly a foot thick, light coloured, and consisting of exceedingly 
fine particles, with a very large percentage of comminuted shells, 
which have the appearance of having been subjected to great 
pressure, as they are broken into pieces almost too small to be 
specifically identified, no doubt resembling the small crumb-like 
fragments sometimes observed in the Drift Hills of Flambro' 
Head." Immediately above this layer, and resting on it at a 
high angle, are 
(o) About three feet of coarse, earthy, ferruginous gravel, with a few 
shells, which, however, occur in fairly good condition. 
{d) Above this there is a large mass of current-bedded sand, con- 
taining a few lenticular patches of gravel, with the thin seams 
of boulder clay, previously alluded to, near the top, and the 
whole is surmounted by 
(e) A few inches of soil, probably weathered boulder clay. 
This is a fair example of the appearance of the series. In 
some places layers of coal-like material are seen in the sand (C 2). 
There are too, here and there, large masses of gravel firmly cemented 
together in the form of conglomerate (B 1), the decomposition of 
ironstone pebbles possibly supplying the cement. In these patches 
each pebble has a ferruginous coating, which renders the identifica- 
tion of the rock itself impossible without the aid of the hammer. 
*Drifts of Flambro' Head. Quart. Jouin. GeoL Soc, vol. xlvii., p. 398. (1891). 
