30 WOODWARD : FOSSIL FISHES OF THE UPPER LIAS OF WHITBY. 
abdominal re^>ion. Vertebrae about 40 in number, half abdominal 
and half caudal ; the centra delicate constricted cylinders longer 
than deep in the anterior part of the caudal region. Pelvic fins 
arising much nearer to the anal than to the pectorals ; dorsal fin 
with length of foremost ray about equal to the depth of the trunk at 
its insertion, arising immediately behind the pelvic pair ; anal some- 
what smaller than the dorsal fin, and arising opposite the hinder end 
of the latter. 
Family Pholidophorid^. 
Pholidophorus germanicus, Quenstedt. 
Plate IV., figs. 1-5. 
1858. Pholidophorus germanicus, F. A. Quenstedt, Der Jura, p. 234, 
pi. XXX., figs. 9-11. 
1891-95. „ „ A. S. Woodward, Geol. Mag. [3], 
vol. viii., p. 545 ; and Catal. 
Foss. Fishes, B.M., pt. iii., 
p. 459. 
Type : Nearly complete fish ; Geological Museum, University of 
Tubingen, Wurtemberg. 
The occurrence of a large species of Pholidophorus in the Upper 
Lias of Whitby was first determined by the present writer in 1891. 
The only known specimens are preserved in the Egerton and Ennis- 
killen Collections in the British Museum, and are proved on direct 
comparison to be specifically identical with Pholidophorus germanicus, 
described by Quenstedt from the Upper Lias of Wurtemberg. 
The only Whitby specimen showing the general proportions of 
the w^hole fish is very much fractured, with fragmentary and dis- 
placed squamation, and wanting the dorsal and anal fins (Brit. Mus., 
No. P. 4412). The head with opercular apparatus occupies about 
one-fifth of the total length of the fish, while another specimen 
(pi. iv., fig. 1) shows that its length is about equal to the maximum 
depth of the abdominal region. The width of the caudal pedicle 
must have about equalled one-third of this depth. The pelvic fins 
arise nearly midway between the pectorals and the caudal. 
The specimen just mentioned merely shows that the maxilla was 
