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NOTES ON THE SUPERFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE VALE OF YORK. 
BY PERCY F. KENDALL, F.G.S., LECTURER ON GEOLOGY 
AT THE YORKSHIRE COLLEGE. 
(Issued in connection ivith the General Meeting and Excm'sion, 
April 26th and 27th, 1895.) 
The Vale of York is a very broad and ancient valley excavated 
in the soft sandstones and marls of the Permian and Triassic series, 
having a general easterly and north-easterly dip. 
On the western side the valley is bounded by the gentle dip- 
slope of the Magnesian Limestone, while its eastern boundary is 
sharply defined by the bold escarpments of the Jurassic and 
Cretaceous rocks. The watershed on the north-east, separating 
the Ouse drainage area from that of the Tees, is in a most 
anomalous position, being within two miles of the main channel 
of the Tees, where that river has emerged clear of the hill-country. 
This condition is clearly a very modern one, and is connected, as 
I shall on some future occasion explain, with the irregular accumula- 
tion of the Glacial or Drift deposits. 
Throughout the Vale of York the " solid geology" is extensively 
covered by superficial deposits, so much so indeed that its details 
are very largely a matter of conjecture, the Glacial deposits of the 
district having produced a surface configuration in all minor details 
quite independent of those of the underlying rocks, or, where con- 
forming to them at all, doing so quite fortuitously. 
In a paper published in the last volume of the Proceedings of 
this Society, I have drawn attention to some of the interesting 
problems connected with the Glaciation of Yorkshire without 
attempting to state any very definite conclusions, and I have 
utilised the admirable and accurate Drift maps of the Geological 
Survey to illustrate some of the more important Glacial features 
of the immediate neighbourhood of York. 
I may briefly summarise the facts as I understand them : 
A great glacier poured over the Cross Fell range of hills 
into Upper Teesdale, carrying with it large numbers of rocks 
