IN MEMORIAM. — RICHARD CARTER, C.E., J. P., F.G.S. 
93 
station, and laid out handsome avenues and streets. The safe- 
guarding of the mineral springs, and the development of facilities 
for their use for drinking and bathing were objects which simultane- 
ously received the anxious care of the new municipality. Even at 
the present time the change effected in Harrogate in less than 
twenty years has amounted to reconstruction. 
Mr. Carter joined the Yorkshire (then West Riding) Geological 
Society in 1848. The Proceedings record that in 1855 he read a 
paper on a new Boring Macliine for Artesian Wells and other pur- 
poses. In July, 1857, he gave a valuable paper on the subject of 
Colliery Ventihition, and as this occurred very shortly after the 
explosion at the Lund Hill Colliery, which destroyed nearly 200 lives, 
it excited much interest and discussion. Mr. Carter showed how 
the necessities for ventilation had grown with the ever-increasing 
depths at which coal is wrought, and propounded a scheme which 
was supported by other practical men. At a Meeting held in 1800, 
he again brought the matter before the Society, and claimed that 
the principle of direct ascending ventilation had justified the repre- 
sentations as to its perfect and economical applications which he had 
previously made. In April, 1884, the Society held its Meeting in 
Harrogate, Mr. Carter occupying the chair, and giving an interesting 
description of the geological and other features of the locality. Very 
hospitable entertainment was offered to the Society by the Messrs. 
Carter on this occasion. The Charter of Incorporation had been 
granted to the Borough in the preceding February, when Mr. Richard 
Carter acted as Returning Officer, his brother, Mr. Nicholas Carter, 
being elected as the first Mayor. In 1885, Mr. R. Carter was 
appointed a Justice of the Peace. As chairman of sereral public 
bodies, and a director of many more, he was a most useful citizen. 
In freemasonry he occupied a leading position. Mr. Carter represented 
the Yorkshire Geological Society on the Board of Governors of the 
Yorkshire College, and he was a member of the Coal Mining Com- 
mittee of the latter Institution. 
Mr. Carter's last illness was brief, and resulted from a severe 
chill contracted when he was inspecting the site of a new reservoir. 
On September 25th, 1895, he passed away, in his 78th year. The 
