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NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF MALHAM AND SETTLE. 
BY W. LOWER CARTER, M.A., F.G.S. 
The Spring General Meeting, May 8th, 1896, was held at Malham, 
under the presidency of Mr. Walter Morrison, M.P., and the area 
under investigation on May 8th and 9th included Gordale, the Mal- 
ham Dry Valley, the Victoria Cave, and other interesting geological 
features of the district. The following notes were originally compiled 
for the use of Members during the Excursion, and form a record of 
the work done on that occasion. 
The party travelled to Bell Busk Station, where they were met by 
the leader, Mr. Walter Morrison, M.P., and proceeded by waggonettes 
to Malham. The road from Bell Busk follows the course of the River 
Aire, by Aire-Head Springs, to Malham, passing over beds of Carbon- 
iferous Limestone and Yoredale rocks. 
About one mile and a half from Bell Busk, a conspicuous white 
house on the east of the Aire, in the hamlet of Calton, marks the site 
of the house of General Lambert, who owned a large estate in the 
parish. After passing Airton, Kirkby Malham is reached, where a 
short halt was made to inspect the church, which is a noble specimen 
of North Country Perpendicular. The pillars have Saints' niches on 
their western faces, said by Whitaker to characterize churches built 
by the great Craven Family of the Tempests. It contains a very 
ancient, curious, and probably unique font, and some monuments of 
the Lambert Family and of an unknown prior. The Register has 
entries of marriages celebrated by Oliver Cromwell ; in one case the 
bridegroom was a certain Martin Knowles, who lived at Middle House, 
about a mile north-east of Malham Tarn. This house is almost the 
highest house in England, being 1,500 feet above sea-level, or 24 feet 
higher than the house in the Kirkstone Pass. From the hill between 
Kirkby Malham and Malham, Malham Cove, the entrance to Gordale, 
and the road leading to Malham Tarn, are conspicuous. 
At Malham the huge scars of Mountain Limestone are reached, 
which form a magnificent barrier across the end of the valley, rising 
