244 CARTER : NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF MALHAM AND SETTLE. 
but as its outlet quickly sinks into the ground and is lost, and as 
several streams which appear below contend for the honour of the 
connection, it still remains a matter of some uncertainty to which of 
them the preference is to be given. The inhabitants of Malham 
plead that the waters of the Tarn actually appear again in two most 
abundant and beautiful springs about a quarter of a mile below the 
village, and nearly three miles from the place of immersion. This 
opinion seems most probable. But from the foot of the Cove, and 
almost a mile nearer to the Tarn, a copious stream breaks out, 
which has undoubtedly the second claim. Yet it is well known that 
a collection of springs rising in the Black Hills, the Hensetts and 
Withes, is swallowed up in a field called the Streets ; and from the 
turbid quality of the water, very unlike that of the Tarn, there is 
little doubt that, after a subterranean course of more than two miles, 
this is the stream which here emerges again. Thirdly, the Airton 
water, from which the village derives its name, seems precluded by 
its distance from any reasonable pretensions. Fourthly, Gordale 
water, which springs in the Great Close, and of which the whole 
course may be traced, can have no other claim than that of a 
collateral feeder." 
A series of experiments made some years ago to determine which 
was the true outlet of the water from Malham Tarn, proved conclu- 
sively that when the sluice-gates of the Tarn are closed, and after 
an interval the water is let down, that the water first reappears at 
Aire-head Springs, between Malham and Kirk by Malham, and only 
after a longer interval is the outlet at the foot of the Cove affected. 
The second day's route traversed the fine series of scars which 
mark the lines of the Craven Faults between Malham and Settle. 
Shortly after leaving the Buck Inn, on the bridle-road to Settle, 
some disused calamine pits were passed. The walls hereabouts have 
yielded many fossils, including trilobites. A visit was paid to a 
curious spring in the limestone called " Clattering Sykes," which 
throws up fossils. 
Thence the route taken was along the line of the Craven Fault 
and up Attermere scars to the Victoria Cave, so famous for its yield 
of the remains of hyaena, bear, and pre-historic man. This cave, the 
