FOX-STRANGWAYS : COAST BETWEEN REDCAR AND SCARBOROlTxn. 2i9 
of the large saurians were obtained. At Staithes the sandy beds of 
the Middle Lias reach the shore and are regularly succeeded by the 
Ironstone Series and the lower portion of the Upper Lias. The lower 
beds here are very rich in starfish, while the beds above, which include 
the zones of margaritatus, spinatus, annulatus, and serpentinus, from 
their gradually declining to the shore, are very favourably situated 
for examination. 
At Rosedale Wyke a shaft has been sunk to the ironstone, which 
is here worked below sea-level. South of this a small dislocation 
repeats some of the beds, so that after crossing the picturesque bay of 
llunswick we get the Ironstone Series again exposed at Kettleness 
Point. Here at one time the ironstone was dug on the shore, and sent 
away by ship to the northern furnaces, a large amount of it having 
been removed. The coast between Kettleness and Sandsend exhibits 
a good section of the three divisions of the Upper Lais (the anmdatus, 
seiyentinus, and the commiinis-hQdi?,), but from the sea washing the 
base of the cliff it is rather a dangerous one to explore. The old jet 
holes along here form a series of caverns which have a very weird 
effect. 
At Sandsend there are large alum works, which are interesting 
as being the last that were in operation. The cement-stones in the 
upper part of the Lias at this place were also worked for making 
Roman Cement. Between this point and Whitby, a distance of 
nearly three miles, the cliffs are mostly occupied by Boulder Clay till 
w'e get close to the town, when the sandstones of the Inferior Oolite 
begin to appear. 
At Whitby Harbour there is a fault having a throw down to the 
west of 200 feet, so that the Upper Lias again appears on the east 
side capped by the lower part of the Inferior Oolite. This is one of 
the most favourite places for collecting the ammonites and other 
fossils of the Upper Lias ; but the scars have been so frequently 
examined by collectors that not much of any value can be obtained 
at the present time. 
Beyond Saltwick the coast becomes inaccessible for some distance, 
but at Hawsker, where the Middle Lias again comes up, the several 
divisions of the Middle and Lower Lias may be followed to Robin 
