320 
CUTTRISS : NOTES ON THE CAVES OF YORKSHIRE. 
temperature of the water at the bottom (115 ft. in vertical depth 
from the surface) was 44|° F., that of the air being 45L°. At the 
top of the chasm the air was 50°, and in the open 67° F. 
There are many other caves in Upper Wharfedale and its tribu- 
tary valleys, in some of which interesting remains have been found 
by earlier investigators. The most noteworthy are Elbolton Cave 
(Knave Knoll Hole) near Thorpe, and Dowkabottom Cave on th.e 
moorland above Kilnsey Crag. A collection of bones and relics 
from the latter, together with a carefully-drawn plan, are preserved 
in the Museum of the Leeds Philosophical Society."^ 
II. — Caves op the Southern Carboniferous or Craven 
Section. 
Although the Yoredale rocks are geologically included in the 
Carboniferous epoch, as well as the underlying limestone, to which 
the distinctive name of Carboniferous Limestone has been given, yet 
it is convenient for the purpose of these notes to separate the two, 
and use the title Carboniferous only as distinguishing a particular 
kind of rock, and not a geological division. 
The district included in this section is that lying between the 
North and Mid-Craven Faults. It is in the form of a long tri- 
angular strip, 10 miles from east to west, and 2 J miles from north 
to south at Settle, its broadest part, where the valley of the Ribble 
practically cuts it into two portions. Although, lithologically, this 
area is part of the Carboniferous limestone outcrop, yet an investi- 
gation of its caves shows them to have distinctive features generally 
absent in those north of the line of dislocation. Briefly, these 
differences consist in the absence of running water, and the filling 
up of the entrance with clay, &c., together with rock debris from 
the overhanging scars. The scars principally face the south and 
west, and the dip of the strata is about 10° towards the north-east, 
which is also the direction of the rock drainage above the Attermire 
and Langcliffe Scars. During the Glacial epoch, the district was 
*(See the Proceedings of the West Riding Geological and Polj'technic 
Society, 1859 and 1864-5-6. H. Speight, The Craven and N.W. Yorkshire 
Highlands, 1892, page 295. ) 
