322 
CUTTRISS : NOTES ON THE CAVES OF YORKSHIRE. 
strong evidence of running water, it is probable the cave does not 
owe its existence to that action alone, but was primarily a fissure, 
resulting from the development of the neighbouring fault. The 
floor is everywliere very irregular, being strewn with fragments of 
rock, which in many places are cemented together and coated with 
calcareous deposit. It is narrow throughout, varying from 1 ft. to 
4 ft. wide in the passages. The Pool Chamber, 160 ft. from the 
entrance, practically di\ ides the cave into two portions, the inner 
one being generally lofty, varying from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high (except 
a small lateral passage at the extreme end), while the outer portion 
is comparatively low, and at one place most emphatically so. This 
place, designated the Neck, is only about 15 in. high by 12 in. wide, 
but even this is larger than the original dimensions, as several drill 
marks in the rock show it to have been artificially enlarged at some 
time. On the walls, at a level a little above the top of the Neck, 
are stalactite tide-marks, which can be traced to within a few feet of 
the entrance. When this became blocked with clay the water 
accumulated in a pool, and the tide-marks were formed at its surface 
by the calcareous deposit. When the cave was cleared out, two large 
conglomerate blocks were left bridging the passage, about 10 ft. 
above the floor. Specimens broken off" consist of pebbles of quartz 
and sandstone, with fragments of chert, the whole being cemented 
firmly together. 
The Neck is not the most agreeable place imaginable to squeeze 
through, especially if there is -4 in. or 5 in. of water on the bottom. 
By wriggling along at full length, with a candle in one hand, and a 
bag containing the surveying instruments, gripped by the teeth, to 
keep it clear of the water, we managed to pass the obstacle. On the 
other side another tide-mark has been formed for a distance of a few 
yai'ds until it merges in the rising floor. A small chamber (Pool 
Chamber) is now reached, about 40 ft. high, the walls of which are 
coated to a considerable thickness with calcium carbonate. On the 
floor is a shallow pool of clear water, which at one time probably 
formed the basin of a small waterfall. At a first glance this appears 
to be the termination of the cave, but further examination reveals 
a lateral passage, which descends rapidly in a series of steps. The 
