SPENCER : THE YOREDALE AND MILLSTONE GRIT ROCKS. 379 
There were specimens of Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, Stigmaria, Cala- 
mites, Dadoxylon, Artisia, and ferns in abundance, the whole bed 
seemingly being full of them; not even in the Coal Measures do 
I recollect ever seeing a more interesting or a more prolific bed 
of plant remains. In going up the bed of this brook and many 
others in our district, the geological student becomes acquainted 
with many interesting phenomena not noticed in popular text- 
books on geology. The shales are frequently seen to be bent and 
twisted for short distances, and enclosed by under- and over-lying 
beds of sandstone, which are not affected in the same way. But 
there are also other larger anticlinal and synclinal axes here 
and there in the shales, which do affect the overlying strata. 
Several of these may be seen along the sides of this watercourse. 
Xear here also may be seen the termination of one of those 
lenticular beds of sandstone so common in these and also in 
the Third Grits. 
Two hundred yards or so further up the stream from the 
weir, at a place called AVet Ing, the Kinder Grit has been thrown 
into the valley in a great triangular mass by the combined 
effects of two faults. One of these runs diagonally across the 
valley and throws the beds of sandstone down at steep angles. 
A short distance further up stream a bed of Yoredale limestone 
crops out on the western side of the stream which has yielded 
a great number and variety of Yoredale fossils. If you get a 
piece of the rock and break it in pieces with your hammer 
you will get few fossils out whole as they break before the 
rock will break, but old Samuel Gibson, the original discoverer 
of these fossils, found out a better way of extracting them out 
of their stony matrix. Being a blacksmith by trade, he took 
some of the material home and roasted it to a dull red heat 
and then plunged it into the water-trough ; when cool he took 
it out and gently tapped it with the hammer when the shells 
rolled out, a large proportion being perfect. I am not aware 
whether Mr. Gibson ever published any account of his most 
ingenious device, but several others have made claims to it long 
since his day. I had been in the habit of extracting these 
